Estudio socio-económico del cultivo de maíz (Zea mayz l) en el sector Buenos Aires cantón Cumandá provincia de Chimborazo

Abstract

This research was carried out in the sectors of the Buenos Aires enclosure belonging to the Cumandá canton of the province of Chimborazo. The Cumandá canton is located south west of the province of Chimborazo in the western foothills of the Andes mountain range in the Republic of Ecuador. The urban center is between the coordinates 2 ° 12'28 "S and 78 ° 08'15" W. For the methodology, a sample of the total corn producers in the Buenos Aires precinct, Cumandá canton, was calculated. The interviews were carried out on site using tape recorder and field leaves, in order to know the reality of the management of this crop in the area , Then surveys were used based on the information collected to close the answers. From this information a data sheet was constructed and tabulated in the Statistics system18. It can be observed that most of the farmers are men, since they work harder physically, women intervene in planting and harvesting, farmers have primary education level dedicating themselves to growing their properties that do not exceed the hectare, do not belong to Some agricultural association. Respondents buy seed in the market of improved varieties to obtain a greater production, the most common causes that cause crop losses is mismanagement, this influences the supply of the product that can be generated, often being low prices. The majority destines their production to the market without selecting their product and for that reason the price determines it according to the competition of the merchant, some producers realize costs of production therefore the majority do not do this it reflects that the farmers are not aware of the importance of Establish how much they need to start an agricultural activity, and whether or not the process will have a profit. This explains why the study area presents a scarce study analysis, in addition it contributes unnecessary expenses like great amount of chemical fertilizers and makes an excessive use of phytosanitary products contributing to increase the costs of production. The administrative structure of the farm is 70% owned and family owned, 80% belong to no association, and 54% own land with an area of 1000 to 10,000 m2. The maize that grows the farmers is the hybrid in 62%, since 44% consider that it provides good production. The unified basic remuneration of the workers is in accordance with what is established by law, that the financing is with own resource 92% of the producers, the target market is local at 85%, 96% puts the selling price on market. 86% do not record production costs; however, 66% consider that maize production is profitable. To obtain producers who specialize in producing maize highly valued by the consumer / both local and foreign. These data show that the problem that the sector is experiencing is not from productive yields but from technical management. It is necessary to elaborate a booklet of maize crop management, to improve all aspects related to the economic partner. KEY WORDS: Market, supply and demand, natural resources, profitability, rural administration.