Estudio del proceso de corte láser de CO2 del material compuesto de matriz polimérica reforzada con fibra de abacá

Abstract

In the present experimental work the process of Laser Cutting by CO2 was carried out, in which two sheets of composite materials were made as: (polyester resin combined with abaca fiber) and (epoxy resin combined with abaca fiber), which they were subjected to cuts; therefore, an analysis process based on the surface response method was proposed, in which the cutting parameters intervened, such as: power, speed and resin with their different levels; generating a total of 26 combinations with their replicas and obtaining a total of 52. Once the cuts were made, the surface quality of the material was evaluated by means of the surface roughness (Ra), for which a Mitutoyo SJ-210 rugosimeter was used, achieving thus to determine the minimum surface roughness of the material of 3.4833 μm, fulfilling like this with the established in ISO Standard 1302; the critical temperature (T) of the cut was also determined through calculations and temperature measurements of the surface were taken while it was cutting with the pyrometer, and getting a lower critical temperature which undoubtedly decreases the amount of material burned. A complementary test was carried out in which the flammability index of the composite materials was obtained, the process to perform these essays is detailed in the ISO 3795 standard; the combustion index was calculated obtaining 15.9 and 19.9 mm / min respectively, fulfilling like this with the requirements of the standards, since they do not exceed the maximum combustion index of 100 mm / min and 250 mm / min established in the standards NTE INEN 1668 and NTE INEN 1323 respectively.