Obtención de un nuevo material híbrido de matriz polimérica de resina poliéster y fibra natural de cabuya, reforzada con fibra de carbono para su aplicación en la industria automotriz

Abstract

The research is based on obtaining a new hybrid material for application in the automotive industry, the determination of the orientation and proportion of the elements of the new hybrid material was obtained by means of forming methods and techniques that are currently being executed in the sector. Conducted research in the field of bus parts production, 95 percentage of the companies carried out using the manual stratification method and 5 percentage with other methods. The configuration establishes the direction of the fibers of cabuya and carbon, material of contribution, number of layers and approximate thickness, where the orientation is longitudinal at 0 grades and transversal at 90 grades. The results obtained in the calculation of the volumetric fractions are estimated values to have a base at the time of making the specimens, without having several aspects such as: losses of polyester resin during the process of preparation and application in the mold. Once the tensile, flexural and impact tests were performed, the best combination was obtained being the carbon fiber material, but the study analyzed is made of hybrid material, so the best result of hybrid materials is configuration four with a volumetric fraction of 40 percentage reinforcement woven cabochon fiber and 50 percentage woven carbon fiber, with the following mechanical properties, in traction: maximum stress of 60.4 Mpa and elastic modulus of 1889.11 Mpa, in flexion with a maximum effort 87.82 Mpa and flexural modulus of 4104.05 Mpa and in impact with a resistance to the impact of 6.71 J. To validate the results of the tensile and flexural tests carried out in the treasury, simulation of finite elements was used, obtaining a percentage of error of 12.68 percentage in the maximum tensile test effort and 0.18 percentage in the maximum effort of the flexural test, being within the acceptable range that is 10 to 15 percentage.