Evaluación de la actividad nematicida in-vivo de compuestos activos difundidos en una matriz polimérica frente a Meloidogyne

Abstract

Kidney tomatoes in Ecuador are of the utmost importance, however, profitability has been declining due to different factors, including the presence of the Meloidogyne nematode causing the phytosanitary problem "radical nodules." Faced with this problem, it is necessary to seek less polluting alternatives with low environmental impact, among which the use of natural plant compounds is included, since the antimicrobial and insecticidal activity of many of its volatile compounds, especially essential oils, has been demonstrated. The present investigation was based on evaluating in vivo the nematicidal effect of three essential oils: Bursera graveolens, Minthostachys mollis, Origanum vulgare diffused in a polymer matrix (biodegradable agricultural bags), the same which were made using the bilayer molding or casting technique, with 1.5 percent w / v glycerol in the first layer and 4 percent v / v of each essential oil in the second layer. The best results for nematicidal activity were obtained between week 2 and 3 after sowing. The essential oil that presented the greatest nematicidal activity was palo santo, followed by oregano, while muña type was the least effective against Meloidogyne, it was also observed that the distance at which the sampling was performed was not a significant factor. Although the nematicidal effect of the oils was observed during week 4, this was lower. Based on the results obtained, the use of polymeric matrices could be an alternative for the management of Meloidogyne instead of synthetic nematicides.