Análisis de un sistema de tratamiento de aguas grises procedentes del lavabo y ducha con el uso de técnicas alternativas en viviendas unifamiliares en la parroquia Atahualpa, cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua

Abstract

This research arose from the need to generate water savings and reuse, thus forming a self-sustainable project for single-family homes in rural areas, applying alternative techniques that allow water reuse. Taking as a reference the Process of Construction and Validation of the Technical Standard to regulate Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in accordance with the OPS and OMS regulations, two different techniques were applied for the treatment of gray water. The first alternative consists of storing the effluent prior to its passage through an upward fast-flow filter, which is made up of a 10 cm layer of quarry rocks between 2 and 4 inches in size, the next 40 cm layer made up of mineral zeolite of between 0.3 and 3.5 mm granulometry, and the final 10 cm thick layer made up of treated eggshell between 4.7 and 5 cm in size. The second alternative consists of a small treatment circuit consisting of the storage of graywater prior to its treatment by an Anaerobic Upflow Filter (A.F.F.A) and its subsequent passage through a Subsurface Flow Wetland formed by aquatic plants (lechuguines). In this way 3 different water samples were obtained, the samples were taken to a laboratory where they were analyzed for their pollutant load and their reduction in such a way that they comply with the parameters indicated by the Unified Text of Secondary Legislation of the Ministry of the Environment (TULSMA, for its acronym in Spanish). The results obtained after the laboratory analysis show the feasibility and effectiveness of the two treatment alternatives proposed in this research.