Distribución geográfica de las variantes de sars cov -2 y vacunación enamérica del sur: una revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

INTRODUCTION. SARS CoV 2 is a single-stranded betacoronavirus RNA virus with more than 238 million cases, around 5 million deaths and an increase in infections daily to date OBJECTIVES. To analyze the main variants of Sars CoV 2, its geographical distribution and vaccination rates in South America. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Bibliographic review, scientific publications in the best medical journals and portals like Pubmed, Springer, Nature, Read by Qx Med, British Medical Journal of medicine, Jama, New England Journal of medicine and Scielo. RESULTS. In South America, until the second quarter of 2020 we had the circulation of the wild variant, since then the appearance of variants has been modifying both the clinical and epidemiological evolution of the pandemic, with the current predominance of omicron and a vaccination average in Latin America of 78% with the highest rate in Chile and our country in fourth place. DISCUSSION: The evolution of the pandemic from high contagiousness and virulence, to the present day, raises the possibility of theories, such as that of Theobald Smith's or Levine's, in which it was stated that with each mutation there is a tendency to virulence and seasonality. CONCLUSION: Variants up to the revision in this article were B.1.1.7 (alpha) in the UK, B.1.3.51(beta) Brazil, B.1.617.2 (Delta) India, and B.1.1.529. (Omicron) in Bottswana, all with cases registered in Latin America, and with a temporal evolution that went from the predominance of the wild virus through delta to omicron, which is dominant globally, not only in Latin America. Vaccination in South America presented 78% of its population with a complete Schedule