Infección por helicobacter pylori en pacientes de 20 a 40 años en consulta de gastroenterología en la Clínica Pujilí de la provincia de Cotopaxi

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori is a causative agent of gastric morbidity, affecting around 4.4billion people globally, it is capable of surviving in extremely acidic environments(stomach), with affinity for the gastric mucosa where its main virulence factor is the production of enzymes. capable of hydrolyzing the urea present in the gastricjuice and alkalizing the mediumto colonize and develop various gastric and extra-gastric diseases. The prevalence increases due to various socioeconomic situations, age, race, consumption of food in poor conditions and unsanitary conditions. The purpose of this research work is to determine the incidence of gastrointestinal pathologies in patients of both sexesbetween 20 and 40 years ofage treated in a gastroenterology consultation at the Pujilí Clinic in the Province of Cotopaxi, Ecuador during the period ofJanuary 2022 - July 2022, for means of association of the results of diagnostic tests for H. pylori infection: gastric biopsies(antrum and body) and surface antigen test in stoolsamples as well as determining their sensitivity and specificity. The research was based on a quantitative, non-experimental, retrospective and cross-sectional study with an initial population of 300 patients who were later classified using a probabilistic inclusion and exclusion process, where a sample of 78 patients who met all the criteria for the study was obtained. study. After the histopathological analysis of the biopsies obtained fromthe gastric antrum and body, the most frequent pathology was mild atrophic active chronic gastritis, with 19 patients representing 24.36%, in conclusion, the infection by this bacterium once again manifests pre-malignant lesions. Therefore, it maintains a close relationship with inflammatory lesions of the gastric mucosa and it was possible to observe that its sensitivity andspecificity ofthe tests used is totally reliable for the determination of this bacterium.