El estrés oxidativo y su relación con enfermedades neurodegenerativas. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

In the field of neurodegenerative diseases, the exact cause of these conditions is unknown. However, it is believed that oxidative stress may be a major factor in cell damage, leading to impairment of the DNA repair system and mitochondrial dysfunction. This is because oxygen has two unpaired electrons in its outer shell, making it prone to free radical formation. Free radicals have been shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Normally, an adequate amount of antioxidants and ROS (reactive oxygen species) maintains equilibrium in the cell. ROS generation occurs in various parts of the cell, especially in the mitochondria, which are important for energy production. Antioxidants counteract oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals and preventing the cascade of reactions that can lead to health disorders and premature aging. Exposure to climate change-induced global warming, including increased frequency and intensity of heat waves, can generate stress and damage DNA, proteins and brain cells, increasing the risk of neurodegeneration.