Tiroiditis subaguda secundaria a la infección del SARS-COV2

Abstract

Introduction: Subacute thyroiditis has a seasonal incidence, which is higher in summer and is also associated with some viruses such as paramixovirus, cozsackie, measles and other viral infections such as those caused by SARSCoV2 being the latter an infection with high incidence today. Objectives: To analyze the information of scientific relevance about acute thyroiditis and its relationship with SARS-COV2 infection. Methodology: Through the use of scientific articles, doctoral theses, books and information available on the subject in scientific databases such as: Google Scholar, Pubmed, Elsevier, Cochrane, UpToDate and Medline. 35 related articles were found in English and Spanish, however, 18 articles were used and 15 were discarded for not meeting the inclusion criteria. Results: Subacute thyroiditis occurs with higher incidence in women, with a ratio of 4 to 1 in relation to men, with the age of greatest presentation being between 40 and 50 years, representing 70 to 80% of cases. Symptoms of SAT in patients infected with SARS-COV 2 virus who were in the intensive care unit have been reported to be 10%, while those who were not in the intensive care unit exhibited symptoms in 20%. In addition, the presence of suggestive symptoms of SARS-COV 2 post-infection SAT in young children has been described. Discussion: Between the year 2016 -2020 according to the article Subacute thyroiditis during the COVID‑19 pandemic: a prospective study published in January 2022 points out that the behavior of the SAT was similar at the time of pandemic than in years before it; concluding that lower exposure to pathogens did not reduce its prevalence, as the SARS virus VOC2 increased prevalence. Conclusions: The virus of SARS-COV 2 is able to enter the cell through receptors of membrane proteins being its site of entry the enzyme ACE2, which is found in various body structures such as the kidneys, adrenal glands, adipose tissue, thyroid, endothelium, pancreas, testicles, ovary and pituitary; so the virus is capable of causing damage to these structures at any level.