Varicocele: nuevos enfoques diagnósticos y terapéuticos

Abstract

Introduction: Varicocele is a pathological entity that presents with an abnormal and tortuous dilation of the pampiniform plexus. It affects approximately 15% of the general male population, being more common during adolescence. The left side is the most frequently affected (90%). In most cases, the varicocele is asymptomatic, however, on occasions it could present with a clinical picture of pain or heaviness in the scrotum. According to the European Association of Urology, the diagnosis of varicocele should be made initially on physical examination, and then confirmed by color Doppler ultrasound. Objective: To carry out an exhaustive bibliographic review on the new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to varicocele. Methodology: A bibliographic search was carried out in which an extensive bibliography was collected whose main focus was focused on articles that discuss new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to varicocele. Results: Ultrasound, being a non-invasive test and having an approximate accuracy of 90%, is considered the best tool for the diagnosis of varicocele. Another innovative technique is ultrasonic elastography, which can predict the improvement of abnormal semen parameters after undergoing varicocelectomy. Regarding therapeutic measures, the two main alternatives can be mentioned: percutaneous embolization and surgery.