Análisis de marcadores tumorales en pacientes con tumores estromales gastrointestinales GIST

Abstract

GISTs are sarcomas arising from interstitial cells of Cajal that account for about 1% of all gastrointestinal tumors. The diagnosis of GIST involves imaging tests and invasive determinations such as endoscopy and biopsy. KIT and PDGFRA immunohistochemistry staining can detect 95% of GISTs in biopsy samples. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in angiogenesis physiology, immunology, and neural origins of GIST biology, and may be able to provide a valuable prognostic clue. Objective. This research aims to establish tumor markers (miRNAs) for the early diagnosis of GIST patients. Method. A qualitative approach was used, of a bibliographicdocumentary type, and through consultation in various databases found in indexed scientific journals. Results. miR-221, miR-222 play a functional, diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic role in GIST. The miR221/222 ratio is considered a genetic biomarker to detect the risk of developing GIST and hsa-miR-218-5p was the best predictor in the development of GIST as well as hsa-miR-146a-5p, hsa-miR- 222-3p, hsa-miR-126-3p and hsamiR-218-5p. Conclusions. New non-invasive diagnostic techniques for GIST could become a valuable strategy for early diagnosis and monitoring of patient treatment.