Abordaje nutricional en el síndrome metabólico: un estudio de revisión

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is a disorder that promotes the development of low-grade inflammatory states, due to the increase in adipose tissue. Being constituted as a global problem, it compromises the state of health because it leads to the emergence of metabolic pathologies such as Obesity, Type II Diabetes Mellitus (DM2), Hyperlipidemia and HTA. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to prepare a bibliographic review regarding dietary and therapeutic patterns and strategies of physical activity, which regulate the risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome. For the development of this research, articles from PubMed, the Multidisciplinary Institute of Digital Publications (MDPI), Dialnet and Google Scholar were taken into account from November 15, 2022 to February 25, 2023. That is why 35 articles published between 2018 and 2023 were included. Based on those articles the risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome, types of diets, nutraceutical foods and certain micronutrients (Vitamin C, D and magnesium) used for the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome were described. It was concluded that despite the absence of a nutritional or physical activity model established for the management of this pathology the combined use of aerobic and anaerobic physical activity, plus the use of the dietary pattern that characterizes the Mediterranean diet, reduced anthropometric (BMI, weight and waist circumference) and biochemical values by lowering triglycerides, LDLC, TG and better blood pressure control and insulin sensitivity. Reducing cardiometabolic risk and early mortality in metabolically decompensated individuals