Uso de la inteligencia artificial en las profesiones de ciencias de la salud

Abstract

The aim of this research was to analyze the use of artificial intelligence in health professionals; for this purpose, a total of 100 articles were analyzed. The following were considered as exclusion criteria: Letters from the editor, articles that are not open access. A total of 30 articles remained as a sample, under a qualitative, documentary approach methodology, since the information found in reliable academic bibliographic sources was analyzed and described. The text discusses the incorporation of artificial intelligence in medicine and health care in general. It mentions that in the 21st century, the population faces the challenge of understanding and adopting new technologies that are at the service of humanity. In medicine, there is a move towards evidence-based medicine, using artificial intelligence as a complement to clinical practice with good results. It is emphasized that these technological changes are necessary to support decision making and are occurring at a faster rate than expected. It is mentioned that bioinformatics with artificial intelligence is not only used in medicine, but also in other informatics work in the biosciences. It is noted that artificial intelligence is one of the most prominent technologies of recent times and generates many expectations. Countries such as the United States, India, Mexico, Thailand, Slovakia, Korea, Spain, Brazil and China have developed programs for the use of artificial intelligence in the field of health, such as the Watson program, which is used to detect different types of cancer. It is mentioned that, despite the advantages of artificial intelligence, there are also disadvantages and risks. It is emphasized that people who rely on and use artificial intelligence in the healthcare field must ensure the integrity, confidentiality and availability of the system's information. The risk of automation bias, i.e., unquestioningly accepting machine advice rather than maintaining vigilance and validating that advice, is mentioned. Also mentioned is the risk that artificial intelligence systems may perpetuate bias and discrimination in health care. Finally, it is emphasized that artificial intelligence can help the practitioner by suggesting hypotheses about health problems, but cannot explain the cause of these hypotheses.