Evaluación del desarrollo inicial del cultivo de maíz (Zea mays L.) con la aplicación de fertilización química y orgánica

Abstract

The present research work was carried out in the canton of San Pedro de Pelileo, parish Salasaca. With the aim of evaluating the initial development of the corn crop (Zea mays L.) with the application of chemical and organic fertilization, to determine the efficiency of each of the fertilizers with their respective doses. Where the study varieties were: germination percentage, plant height, number of leaves present in the plant, root length and stem diameter. The experimental design of divided plots was used, the main plot being fertilizers and sub-plots, the levels of fertilizer, structured in random complete blocks with three repetitions, with hierarchical or nested analysis. The data obtained were analyzed by ADEVA and the Tuckey test at 5% yielding the following results: for the variable number of germinated plants at 10 days no statistical significance was presented. For the height of the plant at 60 days the best treatment was F1N2 (chemical fertilizer 400 kg/ha) with 64.52 cm and F2N1 (organic fertilizer 10 t/ha) with 55.44 cm being the lowest height. In the number of leaves present in the plant at 60 days a statistical significance was presented in group 1 (chemical fertilizer) where F1N2 (chemical fertilizer 400 kg/ha) presented an average of 7.57 leaves was the best, while F1N1 (chemical fertilizer 300 kg/ha) showed an average of 6.70 sheets was the lowest value. In terms of root length at 60 days the best treatment was F1N2 (chemical fertilizer 400 kg/ha) with an average of 20.03 cm, while F2N1 (organic fertilizer 10 t/ha) with an average of 17.00 cm has the lowest value. Finally, in the stem diameter at 60 days F2N2 (organic fertilizer 20 t/ha) an average of 18.63 mm is obtained being the best value and F2N1 (organic fertilizer 10 t/ha) with an average of 16.34 mm shows the lowest value. Keywords: corn, chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer, level, diameter, length.