Browsing by Author "Lozada Ortiz, Jenny Piedad"

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Caracterización y Definición del Ecotipo del Cerdo Criollo (Sus scrofa domestica) de altura en traspatio de la provincia de Tungurahua
(2024-08) Alcocer Varela, Kevin Mauricio; Lozada Ortiz, Jenny Piedad
In the province of Tungurahua, the phenotypic characteristics of tall adult Creole pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) were evaluated through zoometry, by determining 17 Zoometric Measures, 8 Phaneroptic Characteristics and 9 Zoometric Indices and the definition of the ecotypes of Creole pigs in the province, where Creole pigs from three cantons of the province were sampled, in Ambato in the parishes of Pishilata, Ambatillo, Quisapincha, Pilahuin, Juan Benigno Vela, in the canton of Pelileo in the parishes of Chiquicha and Salasaka, in the canton of Quero. in the San Vicente, Shaushi and Punachisag parishes. The total number of animals sampled was 47 pigs, of which 57.45% were males and 42.55% females, the average age was 12.02 ±7.75 months and the average live weight was 50. 55±1.99 kilograms. In the Zoometric Measurements, means of (LCZ) 26.55 ±3.97 cm were obtained; (ACZ) of 16.84 ±3.40cm; (HL) 9.57 ±2.3 cm; (AH) 9.75 ±2.07 cm; (LGR) 25.39 ±5.48 cm; (AGR) 17.63±3.19 cm; (DBC) 19.27 ±7.01 cm; (DDE) 33.14±7.26cm; (ALC) 61.60 ± 11.02 cm; (ALG) 66.42 ± 12.95 cm; (LC) 93.04 ±17.41; (TDF) 94.67±17.97 cm; (PCA) 16.28 ±2.93 cm; (BA) 17.60 ± 4.19 cm; (AO) 15.09 ±3.15 cm; (LJ) 33.69 ± 6.20 cm; (LP) of 33.70 ±6.45 cm. In the determination of the zoometric indices, it is determined that the Creole pigs in Tungurahua are animals, eumetric, brachycephalic because there is a greater percentage of animals with a concave, subconcave and, to a lesser extent, ultraconcave profile, they are also mesoprosopios, Longitudilinear, they have more elongated bodies, they have a rump with convex lines, and a longilinear thorax. 7 Ecotypes were found, such as the Creole pig with mamellas and a white line on its head, the reddish pig, the reddish pig with black spots, the black pig with abundant hair and bristles, the pig with few bristles and the Lampiño pig.
Determinación de los agentes predominantes bacterianos presentes en la enfermedad periodontal moderada y severa en Canis lupus familiaris alimentados con dieta mixta
(2023-09) Vivanco Cuenca, Daniela Liseth; Lozada Ortiz, Jenny Piedad
The objective of this research was to determine the predominant bacterial agents present in moderate and severe periodontal disease (PD) in Canis lupus familiaris older than 4 years old fed a mixed diet. The study was carried out in the Veterinary Medical Center of the Pueblo Unido neighborhood in the city of Quito with the collection of dental plaque samples from 33 canines diagnosed with moderate and severe PD. The samples were collected with a Gracey Curette and cytological brush and were immediately transported in a red cap tube without additive to the laboratory. Colony forming unit (CFU) counts were performed on plate count agar (PCA), the two bacteria with the highest number of CFU/gr were isolated on culture media and biochemical tests were performed for identification. In canines diagnosed with moderate PD, bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (68.4%), Escherichia coli (68.4%), Proteus mirabilis (42.1%), Proteus vulgaris (10.5%) and Streptococcus salivarius (10.5%) were isolated. Similarly, in those with severe PD, species such as S. aureus (92.9%), E. coli (71.4%). P. mirabilis (14.3%), P. vulgaris (14.3%), and Enterococcus faecalis (7.1%). Finally, it was evaluated whether the presence of these bacteria is dependent on the degree of moderate or severe progression of PD and the relationship with the CFU/gr count. It was concluded that there was no statistically significant difference (p=0.975) between the isolated bacteria and the degree of PD, however, there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.0001) in the presence of bacteria in relation to the means of CFU/gr count.
Efecto de la infusión continua de dexmedetomidina sobre la concentración alveolar mínima (CAM) de sevoflurano y eficiencia anestésica en ovariohisterectomía en conejos (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
(2024-08) Chisag Caiza, Gissela Fernanda; Lozada Ortiz, Jenny Piedad
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane and anesthetic efficiency in ovariohysterectomy in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Twenty-four clinically healthy 7-month-old female rabbits with an-ASA I and weighing 1.8-3 kg were used. These patients were subjected to a 6-hour fast of solids and 1-hour of liquids prior to the intervention. A completely randomized design with three treatments (two experimental) and a control treatment was applied. The animals were divided by treatments with 8 animals each, that is, T1=8 rabbits, T2=8 rabbits and T3=8 rabbits. In treatment T1, an anesthetic protocol based on ketamine (15mg/kg), midazolam (0.2mg/kg) for premedication was administered intramuscularly (IM), while propofol (2mg/kg) was used intravenously (IV) for induction, In maintenance, sevoflurane was used according to the patient's requirement, at an initial CAM of 3.7% accompanied by a constant rate infusion (CRI), at a dose of 3.5 ug/kg/h of dexmedetomidine. In the second treatment the same anesthetic protocol was used with ketamine (15mg/kg), midazolam (0.2mg/kg) for intramuscular (IM) premedication, propofol (2mg/kg) was used intravenously (IV) for induction, and sevoflurane was used for maintenance according to the patient's requirement, in an initial CAM of 3.7% accompanied by a continuous infusion CRI at a dose of 5 ug/kg/h of dexmedetomidine. In the control treatment T3 the continuous infusion was not applied and a continuous drip of 0.9% sodium chloride was administered applying the same anesthetic protocol mentioned above. The physiological parameters to be evaluated were heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and sevoflurane CAM assessment. By means of an analysis of variance, the best result obtained was with the T2 treatment with an CRI at a dose of 5 ug/kg/h of dexmedetomidine, which does not present significant differences in most of the parameters, keeping them stable; however, a reduction of the CAM at 1.34% of sevoflurane was observed.
Efecto de la Sangre de drago (Croton lechleri) en el proceso de cicatrización en heridas quirúrgicas de Ovariohisterectomía en caninos (Canis lupus familiaris)
(2024-02) Chiliquinga Quishpe, Gicela Nayalith; Lozada Ortiz, Jenny Piedad
Ovariohysterectomy is a surgical procedure performed on domestic animals, where both ovaries and the uterus are removed from females. For this reason, the application of natural local healing agents is needed to contribute to the reduction of the wound caused by the surgery. The objective of this research is to determine the healing effect of dragon's blood on the healing process in Ovariohysterectomy wounds in canines. 9 designated canines were used in two treatments, with a total of 18 canines older than 5 months of age. An incision was made in the midline of the abdomen for each animal to carry out the surgery, the treatments corresponding to each group were applied, T1 based on dragon's blood and T2 (control treatment) based on chlorhexidine, both each. 24 hours for 14 days, the wound was evaluated using a Vancouver scale and histopathological tests, samples were taken on the 3rd day, 8th day and 14th day after applying the treatments. The results obtained through the evaluation of the Vancouver scale showed significant differences on the eighth day, the histopathology tests in the same way through a statistical analysis presented highly significant differences (p<0.05) between treatments, just as through the observation of the plaques there was a high presence of collagen on the eighth day in T1. According to the results obtained, dragon's blood has a greater healing effect than the control treatment in relation to time. Keywords: Ovariohysterectomy, canines, natural healing agents, dragon's blood, chlorhexidine, histopathological tests.
Estudio retrospectivo de las causas de decomiso en la empresa Metropolitana de Rastro agencia Quito durante los años 2022 – 2023
(2024-08) Castillo Vargas, Marcelo Gabriel; Lozada Ortiz, Jenny Piedad
The present retrospective study of the causes of confiscation in the company Metropolitana de Rastro agency Quito during the years 2022-2023. Its main objective was to analyze the causes of confiscation in the company Metropolitana de Rastro agency Quito during the years 2022-2023. To achieve this objective, a retrospective study was carried out that involved the analysis of records from the Agency for Phyto and Zoosanitary Regulation and Control, recorded in the Antemortem Inspection form in Slaughterhouses – Cattle, Pigs, Sheep/Goats, Camelids, Guinea Pigs and Rabbits of the Metropolitan Public Company of Rastro Agencia Quito. After analyzing the data collected, it was identified that in the case of cattle, Santo Domingo is the leading region in production, as for pigs, the cities of Pichincha and Cotopaxi were; In the case of sheep, the province of Cotopaxi stood out as the first producer of sheep meat. On the other hand, in the case of cattle, an increase in the percentage of confiscation is observed, going from 42% in 2022 to 45% in 2023. Distomatosis is the main cause of confiscation. For pigs, the percentage of confiscated organs remains high, with a slight increase of 1% in 2023. Liver disorders and ascariasis are the main causes of confiscation. Regarding sheep, a decrease is observed in the percentage of organs confiscated in 2023, although ospagostomiasis remains an important cause of confiscation in both years.
Evaluación del ají (Capsicum annuum) como aditivo natural para la prevención de coccidiosis en pollos parrilleros
(2014-03-17) Lozada Ortiz, Jenny Piedad; Guerrero, Ricardo
La presente investigación de evaluación de un coccidiostato natural a base de ají (Capsicum annuum) en la dieta alimenticia de pollos parrilleros en la parroquia Augusto N. Martínez; ciudad de Ambato en la Provincia de Tungurahua, con este estudio se ha buscado dar una alternativa alimenticia a base de un producto natural para la prevención de coccidiosis en las granjas para mejorar la producción animal y evitar pérdidas económica. Se aplicó de forma experimental la investigación en el galpón ubicado en la parroquia Augusto N. Martínez empleándose 288 pollos parrilleros de un día de edad con un peso promedio de 35 g a su llegada, se procedió a registrar los pesos en las etapas inicial, crecimiento y engorde para la suministración de ají que fue secado y molido un mes antes, y utilizado como coccidiostato natural en un periodo de ocho semanas, los pollos fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en 24 unidades experimentales con un número de 12 aves por tratamiento, en donde se aplico al tratamiento T1 (0,1% de harina de ají), al tratamiento T2( 0,2% de harina de ají) , al tratamiento T3 (0,3%de harina de ají), y el tratamiento T0 (testigo) al cual no se aplicó dosis de ají. Se llevó a cabo un diseño completamente al azar (DCA) con cuatro tratamientos y seis repeticiones, para la interpretación de los resultados se realizaron el análisis de varianza y la prueba de Tukey 5% para los tratamientos. De acuerdo a los resultados se estableció que la mejor dosis de coccidiostato natural para obtener mejores rendimientos tanto en ganancia de peso, conversión alimenticia fue en un porcentaje de 0,3% de harina de ají, además con este porcentaje se redujo la cantidad de oocitos de Eimeria manteniéndose así una mejor salud intestinal en las aves. Con la introducción de esta alternativa contribuimos a tener una mejor alternativa de producción y competitividad frentes a las nuevas exigencias de consumo de pollo en el mercado.
Evaluación del extracto de caléndula (Caléndula officinalis) como terapia alternativa en la enfermedad periodontal en caninos (Canis lupus familiaris)
(2024-02) Freire Pérez, Erick Santiago; Lozada Ortiz, Jenny Piedad
The objective of the present experimental work was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of marigold extract as a 10% infusion as an alternative therapy in periodontal disease in dogs, due to its anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and antibacterial actions. Two treatments of calendula extract were applied by means of posology (once a day and twice a day) in comparison with chlorhexidine 0.02% and distilled water in 32 dogs, in which gingival indexes, dental calculus, dental mobility and furcation exposure were identified by means of a periodontogram as a dental control card, thus obtaining results of slight inflammation and presence of fine and visible dental calculus. For statistical differentiation, the Pearson Chi-Square test was applied to correlate the degrees of each index with the treatments at 20 days, which was significant (p<0.05) in gingival index and dental calculus index and not significant (p>0.05) in dental calculus index and furcation exposure. All the dogs were divided into treatment groups, 8 patients for calendula extract once a day (T1), 8 with calendula extract twice a day (T2), 8 with chlorhexidine 0.02% (T3) and 8 with distilled water (T4), dental cleaning was done and then they were treated for 20 continuous days. The therapeutic effect was evidenced by the samples taken before and after treatment by means of CFU count. At the end of the experiment, signs of mild inflammation to normal gingiva and fine to absent dental calculus decreased. In the CFU count, T2 reduced 92.4% of microbiological colonies, which when compared with T1, T3 and T4 there is a significant difference because they act in different ways and present means in treatments where the marigold extract and chlorhexidine are more effective. Based on Tukey's test at 95%, which showed non-significant results between T1, T2 and T3 (p>0.05) and significant in T4 (p<0.05), ANOVA showed significant results (p<0.0001) in CFU reduction. Key words: Calendula, periodontogram, CFU, periodontal disease, chlorhexidine, distilled water.
Evaluación pronóstica de la reacción inmunohistoquímica del Ki- 67 en neoplasias mamarias de caninos (Canis lupus familiaris)
(2024-08) Rivera Lascano, Daysi Nayeli; Lozada Ortiz, Jenny Piedad
The present study was designed to determine the prognostic value of the Ki-67 proliferation index in canine mammary neoplasms and its relationship with the histological degree of malignancy. The retrospective study was carried out at the Laboratories of the Technical University of Ambato, with 20 tumor samples obtained by incisional and excisional biopsies from female canine patients who attended the Veterinary Center, framed from May 2023 - May 2024. Of the twenty samples, 75% were obtained from entire females and 25% from sterilized females. The neoplasms were classified according to their histopathological degree of malignancy and compared with an immunohistochemical study that included a cell count to determine the Ki-67 proliferation index. All cases evaluated were malignant neoplasms, the histopathological grading showed the following distribution: 55% grade I (11T), 40% grade II (8T), 5% grade III (1T). Regarding the Ki-67 proliferation index, the MIB-1 antibody was used, which has proven to be one of the most used with this antigen due to its high specificity, the result was expressed as a percentage of positive cells: on a scale of 1-9%, 10 patients entered corresponding to 50%, from 10-30% there were 9 patients representing 45% and >30%, 1 patient representing 5%. When relating the Ki- 67 proliferation index with the histological grade of malignancy, a statistically significant response was obtained (P = 0.0078) which indicates that the higher the histopathological grade, the higher the Ki-67 index. These results suggest that, when performing a histopathological study, it should be complemented with an immunohistochemical study of Ki-67 to have a better diagnosis and to know the prognosis of each patient to apply an appropriate treatment.
Fibrosarcoma felino ligado al sitio de inyección
(2024-08) Cajas Chávez, Paola Dayana; Lozada Ortiz, Jenny Piedad
Feline fibrosarcoma caused by injections is a neoplasm that occurs locally and, in advanced cases, is highly metastatic. The studies analyzed emphasize that it is due to inflammatory or immunological reactions caused especially by vaccines with adjuvants, injections and microchips inoculated in certain intramuscular and subcutaneous areas. To obtain a diagnosis, it is necessary to perform different complementary tests in order to have a definitive, verifiable diagnosis, to proceed to choose a treatment of choice such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy that helps preserve the patient's life. This alteration occurs in 1 in 10 felines, making them the most susceptible among other species. However, they have occurred in canines and ferrets, but the probability is very low. Since the rabies and leukemia vaccines appeared, the appearance of this neoplasia began, which was diagnosed for the first time. As the years passed, it was investigated that any substance or material inoculated locally causes inflammation, causing the progression of fibrosarcoma.