Browsing by Author "Moreno Avilés, Mónica Susana"

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    Caracterización de los perfiles de resistencia antimicrobiana
    (Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2022-06-01) Moreno Avilés, Mónica Susana; Monge Moreno Dra. Mgs, . Adriana Monserrath
    Introduction The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2011 declared antimicrobial resistance a public health problem and announced a global strategy against antimicrobial resistance. Objective To characterize the antimicrobial resistance profiles in the Riobamba General Hospital in 2020. Methodology The present project used a quantitative, retrospective study of analysis of information from the Vitek equipment database of bacterial cultures and susceptibility tests of the year 2020, it is quasi-experimental and of intervention since the WHONET software was used for the elaboration of the antimicrobial susceptibility primer. Results The microorganisms frequently isolated in 2020 were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, S. aureus and epidermidis. Urine and stool samples were the most prevalent, in addition, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were evidenced in pharyngeal secretion samples. The presence of carbapenem resistance was revealed in K. pneumoniae; and the prevalence of BLEE in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella. Conclusions: By characterizing the antimicrobial resistance profiles at the Riobamba General Hospital, the Institution's annual antimicrobial susceptibility primer was designed.
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    STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS METICILINO RESISTENTE EN HISOPADO NASAL DEL PERSONAL DE SALUD DEL HOSPITAL BÁSICO MODERNO – RIOBAMBA
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud / Centro de posgrados, 2024-09-03) Inca Martínez, Silvia Marcela; Moreno Avilés, Mónica Susana
    Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main human pathogens causing health careassociated infections, with high mortality, due to its virulence factors and antibiotic multidrug resistance. Health personnel at the Hospital Basico Moderno-Riobamba (HBMR) who are nasal carriers of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) can become a direct source of transmission to patients and cause serious infections that are difficult to treat, increasing the length and cost of hospital stays. The identification of this microorganism will allow the implementation of control measures. To identify methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in nasal swabs from health personnel of the Hospital Basico Moderno-Riobamba. The research was based on a mixed approach, using a cross-sectional and descriptive observational design. For statistical analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test and chi-square were used. After signing the informed consent, nasal swab samples were cultured in salted mannitol agar and phenotypic tests were applied to identify S. aureus. MRSA determination was performed by disk diffusion using 30 µg cefoxitin. The MLSb phenotype was identified by applying Test D. For quality control, strain ATTC 25923 was used. In the study of 79 nasal swab samples, S. aureus was detected in 19 samples (24.1%). Of these, 4 samples (5.1%) showed methicillin resistance, and 8 samples (10.1%) presented the iMLSb phenotype (inducible resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins B). To identify methicillin resistance in S. aureus, a standardized operating procedure (SOP) was implemented and was shown to be effective and reliable. 24.05% of HBMR healthcare personnel were found to carry S. aureus, of these, a significant presence of MRSA of 21.052% in nasal swab was established. The iMLSb phenotype was determined in 42.1%. A SOP for MRSA detection in nasal swab samples was developed and will be implemented in the HBMR Clinical Laboratory.