Browsing by Author "Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela"

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Análisis comparativo de la resistencia a la compresión del hormigón con adición de virutas metálicas y un hormigón con materiales tradicionales
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Acosta Villacres, Edwin Manuel; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
The purpose of this experimental work is to offer an alternative to commercial products in which it seeks to verify if metal chips can be used in a mixture to enhance the physical and mechanical characteristics of concrete, in order to take advantage of those generated in some workshops. of turning in Ambato. Two dosages of compressive strength = 240 and 280 kg/cm2 were carried out, where percentage of metal chips were added in 5, 10 and 15 percent, specific tests of fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and cement were carried out, in addition The determination of the real density of these for the selection of the chip was based on investigative background which were spring-shaped chips of 5 cm in length, the analysis of the mechanical resistance of the concrete was carried out at 7, 14 and 28 days based on the NTE INEN 1573 standard The results were compared between the concrete of the standard specimens and the specimens with metal shavings in the percentages already mentioned, they showed an improvement in the dosage of 280 kg/cm2 that incorporated 5 percent, increasing its resistance by 113.46 percent, for the dosage of 240 kg/cm2 there was no increase, but the resistance was maintained within the permitted ranges, however for the percentages of 10 and 15 percent of metal chips in both dosages its resistance decreased, obtaining a very weak concrete.
Análisis comparativo de la resistencia a la compresión del hormigón simple con reemplazo parcial de la calcinación de la caña de maíz como puzolana y un hormigón con materiales tradicionales.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Borja Paredes, Daniel Rolando; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
This study has shown that pozzolan made from corn cane ash is an effective material for improving the properties of concrete. The results obtained have shown that the addition of this pozzolan in an adequate proportion can significantly increase the compressive strength of the concrete. Through the experimental study, it was observed that the addition of 6 percent corn cane ash to concrete produces a greater compressive strength after 28 days, reaching a value of 230.98 kg/square centimeters. However, it has been detected that, by increasing the proportion of pozzolana above this value, the strength of the concrete decreases significantly. In addition, it was proven that concrete mixtures with corn cane ash pozzolana meet the requirements of plastic consistency and workability. The de nsity obtained for all mixtures exceeds the minimum value established by the ACI 318 19 standard. In summary, this study has demonstrated the effectiveness of corn cane ash pozzolana to improve the properties of concrete, and its use in construction is recommended to obtain high strength and quality concrete. The use of corn cane ash pozzolana in construction obtained additional benefits, such as reducing the carbon footprint and promoting sustainability. Corn cane ash is an agricultural waste that is generated in large quantities, and its use as a pozzolana can help reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills; It is also a cheaper and more accessible alternative to traditional pozzolans, which can be beneficial for the construction industry. Importantly, although the results of this study are promising, further research is needed to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of corncane ash pozzolana in different applications and conditions. However, the results obtained in this study suggest that this additive is a material with great potential to improve the properties of concrete and promote sustainability in construction.
Análisis comparativo del comportamiento sísmico de una estructura de hormigón armado de diseño convencional frente a un modelo con disipadores de energía tipo BRB y su incidencia en la relación costo/beneficio
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-01) Sánchez Arcos, Alex Francisco; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
For the present research work, a comparative analysis of the seismic behavior between a conventional system and a system with BRB-type energy dissipators was carried out in a 6-story building with a total area of 291.38 m2. The structure is located in the city of Ambato and is classified as essential according to the provisions of the Ecuadorian Construction Standard. The methodology of a nonlinear static analysis (Pushover) was extracted to evaluate the performance of each structural system based on an earthquake with a return period of 475 years, with an exceedance probability of 10 percent in 50 years. For the design of the structural elements, as well as the BRB energy dissipators, both national (NEC 15) and international standards were used: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE 7-16, ASCE 41-13), American Concrete Institute (ACI 318-14), American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC 341-16). Obtaining displacement results, derivatives of floors, optimal structural elements, seismic behavior and performance levels of the two structural systems under study.
Análisis comparativo del desempeño sísmico en edificos de hormigón de mediana altura aplicando riostras de pandeo restringido en la ciudad de Ambato
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Zamora Altamirano, Julio Santiago; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
For this research work we proceeded to perform a comparative analysis of the structural behavior for two types of systems: conventional and with the application of a modern system of seismic dissipation, in an 11-story building consisting of two elevators in an area of 400 square meters; The structure is located in the city of Ambato and was classified in special using the Ecuadorian Construction Standard. The methodology of a Pushover nonlinear static analysis was used to evaluate the performance of each proposed structural system based on a rare earthquake, which is usually the design earthquake with a return period of 475 years with a 10 percent probability of exceedance in 50 years. For the design of the structural elements of the building, as well as for the seismic dissipation system, national and international standards such as the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015), American Society Of Civil Engineers (ASCE 7-16, ACSE 41-13), American Institute Of Steel Constructions (AISC 341-16) were used. Giving us as results the displacements, floor drifts, system energy, behavior and performance levels of the two types of structures with the help of ETABS 2016 software.
Análisis de desempeño sísmico del edificio COAC San Martín ubicado en el cantón Tisaleo
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Yugcha Rumiguano, Christian Sebastián; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
Ecuador is located in the Ring of Fire, so it is subject to stochastic phenomena such as earthquakes, since buildings must be governed according to the current NEC 15 standard to ensure that the design meets earthquake resistance criteria. The purpose of this research work is to determine the seismic performance of the building under study. A qualitative analysis was carried out using the NEC 15 standard, in which the parameters were evaluated according to the characteristics of the structure, obtaining a score of 2.0, demonstrating that it has a medium degree of vulnerability. In the quantitative section, the linear and nonlinear static Pushover analysis of the structure was carried out using engineering software. In the linear analysis, it was determined that the structure in current conditions presents torsion, and that elements such as beams and columns are not designed to withstand the demands. In addition, through non-linear analysis, the capacity curve of the structure was calculated together with the performance levels and it was determined that the construction does not meet the seismic performance objectives according to VISION 2000. Once the evaluation of the structure was completed, three more floors were designed, according to the specifications of the calculation report, and with the requests of these, the structure was reinforced, both locally in the elements such as columns and beams using criteria from the ASCE 41-13 standard, in which the concrete screed method was used for the columns and the steel casing method for the beams, and globally with the implementation of shear walls to control torsion and comply with the vibration period of the structure. Finally, with the implementation of the reinforcement and the addition of 3 more floors to the building, the linear analysis was carried out again, to verify that the calculations and design were in accordance with the NEC 15 standard, checking that the elements had the necessary amounts of steel to generate ductility. After that, the non-linear analysis of the structure was carried out, in which the performance objective was determined, complying with what was established in VISION 2000.
Análisis de las correlaciones entre el cbr, dcp, propiedades índice y mecánicas en suelos de las parroquias Saquisilí, Chantilín y Cochapamba, cantón Saquisilí, provincia de Cotopaxi
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Núñez Núñez, Diego Alejandro; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
Currently, in the Saquisilí canton, the database corresponding to index and mechanical properties of the soil is short, and it also has several ballasted roads that require paving. In order to find preparation equations and carry out a pre-design of flexible pavement for the benefit of the parishes of the Saquisilí canton and sectors with soils with similar characteristics. Within the study area there is a road corresponding to the Chantilín parish, a road in the Saquisilí parish and finally a road in the Cochapamba parish. A total of 12 pits were carried out in the study area. First, the DCP and Sand Cone tests were carried out in situ. Subsequently, 50 kilograms of soil sample was extracted from each pit to be tested in the laboratory and determine the index and mechanical properties. based on AASHTO, ASTM and SUCS standards, from which 29 correlations were derived, obtained with a degree of reliability greater than 50 percent; As a result, the structural pavement package was designed for a new road in the Chantilín parish with laboratory CBR, obtaining thicknesses of 7 cm for asphalt layer, 10 cm of base layer and 11 cm of subbase layer; On the other hand, with CBR to improve, thicknesses of 7 cm for asphalt layer, 11 cm of base layer and 12 cm of subbase layer will be obtained. Finally, the pavement predesign will benefit the inhabitants and surrounding areas of the Chantilín parish.
Análisis de los desplazamientos de los apoyos superiores de las torres durante la simulación de las fases de construcción de un puente colgante sobre el río Jatun Yacu
(Magister en Ingeniería Civil con mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2025) Jácome Villacrés, Pablo José; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
This research addresses a topic rarely explored in technical literature: the analysis of the behavior of upper tower supports in suspension bridges, both during the construction process and in their service life. This lack of practical information motivated the development of a study based on a real-world project, aiming to simulate near-reality conditions and obtain reliable data on the displacements generated by the weight of the structural elements. To address this problem, an applied research was conducted using a real suspension bridge project. The main objective was the development of a threedimensional model using specialized software, which allowed for the simulation of various construction phases of the superstructure, as well as the application of a hypothetical and random load convoy to evaluate in-service behavior. The analysis allowed for the observation of stresses in the main cable and the resulting displacements, identifying that the sum of movements generated during construction and by vehicular load exceeded the available travel in the upper supports. Given this situation, it was necessary to iteratively apply a pre-stress to the main cable in the lateral zones of the bridge to correct the structural behavior. Finally, after adjusting the initial cable deformation as pre-stress, it was validated that the displacements during the construction and operation phases remained within acceptable limits, ensuring the correct functioning of the upper supports and the overall suspension bridge structural system
Análisis del desempeño sísmico del edificio de laboratorio Clínico Ochoa - Matriz
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-03) Galarza Flores, César Joel; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
This research aims to know the structural behavior of the Ochoa-Matriz Clinical Laboratory Building located on Av. Gonzales Suarez of the Ambato Canton in the province of Tungurahua. This experimental work complies with the requirements established in the NEC SE CG, NEC SE DS and NEC SE RE standards, from which a survey was carried out of architectural and structural information to perform a mathematical model in a specialized calculation software. Through this program it was determined translational and rotational movements, drifts, design period, behaviour of structural elements such as beams and columns, In addition, with the help of the calculation program, the evaluation of seismic performance in the building was applied based based on ASCE/SEI 41-13 to determine the levels of performance before requests of a frequent, occasional, rare and very rare earthquake. Thus, the plastic ball joints were also analyzed to know the displacement and cutting of these to categorize their level of performance. Based In the calculation and therefore it was necessary to use a concrete cladding reinforcement to improve its structural behavior.
Análisis estructural del desempeño sísmico del edificio del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado de la parroquia Picaihua, ubicado en el cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-01) Tenesaca Palate, Damaris Esther; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
For the present investigation, qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out in order to evaluate the seismic performance of the building of the Decentralized Autonomous Government of the Picaihua parish. The qualitative analysis was performed through rapid visual evaluation applying the methodologies proposed by the FEMA 154 and NEC 2015 standards, whose qualification parameters are based on the characteristics of the building, structural system, soil type, irregularity in plan and elevation, and problems of pounding with adjacent structures. The results obtained were 1.5 and 3.3, respectively, which show that the structure has low seismic vulnerability. In the quantitative method, linear analysis and nonlinear static analysis (Pushover) were performed using ETABS 2018 software. With the results obtained from these analyses, it was determined that the structure presents torsion in plan, excessive drifts higher than the maximum allowed of 2 percent, deficient response capacity before the different levels of seismic hazard, especially in the case of a very rare earthquake where the building collapses completely, thus requiring reinforcement. Once the shortcomings of the structure were identified, a global reinforcement was proposed, consisting of the implementation of shear walls to provide greater flexibility, correct torsion and excessive drifts. With the implementation of the shear walls, the linear and nonlinear static analysis was performed again, proving that the reinforcement allowed improving the performance of the structure, obtaining a vibration period of 0.489sec, drifts lower than 2 percent, from the Demand/Capacity check of the columns, values lower than the maximum allowed of 1 were obtained, there is no torsion in plan, thus complying with the checks established by the current standards and reaching a performance level of collapse prevention for a very rare earthquake.
Análisis estructural del desempeño sísmico del edificio multifamiliar “Peña Mendoza” de hormigón armado de la ciudad de Santo Domingo de los Colorados, ubicado en la cooperativa 30 de Julio mediante el método de vibraciones
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Cabascango Chuquirima, César Augusto; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
Since the structure did not meet the expected seismic performance level, a vulnerability analysis was performed using qualitative and quantitative methods proposed in FEMA 154 and NEC 15. In the vulnerability analysis performed with the qualitative method proposed by FEMA 154 and NEC 15, a quick visual inspection of the entire structure was performed, taking into account each of the characteristics such as irregularity in plan and elevation, year of construction, construction code used; data necessary to calculate the degree of vulnerability of the structure, which presents a high degree of vulnerability according to FEMA 154 and a low vulnerability according to NEC 15. In the quantitative analysis, a linear analysis was carried out to determine the structural behavior, which complies with all the parameters established in the Ecuadorian Construction Standard NEC 15; subsequently, the non-linear analysis (pushover) determined that it does not comply with the performance levels expected and proposed by VISION 2000. Finally, a reinforcement was proposed through the implementation of shear walls that allowed an adequate level of structural performance in the event of an earthquake. As a result, the shear walls were able to reinforce the current structure, thus complying with the seismic performance expected in a basic structure.
Análisis experimental de la capacidad filtrante de drenaje de los agregados pétreos provenientes de la Mina Mora, ubicada en la provincia de Tungurahua cantón Ambato
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Galarza Chicaiza, Ludvin Daniel; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
The study focuses on determining the permeability of course and fine aggregates, evaluating their potential use for applications in drainage systems. The permeability coefficient of the "Mina Mora" quarry was determined. Three phases were developed to help achieve the main objective of the project. The first phase, called exploratory, consisted of a visit to the quarry to collect essential information such as the georeferencing of the quarry and the obtaining of representative soil samples. In the second phase, the extracted soil was characterized using specific tests: natural moisture content, Atterberg limits, and granulometry. The soil was characterized according to the SUCS classification as a poorly graded sand (SP) and poorly graded sand with the presence of silt (SP-SM), presenting a low moisture content with an average of the samples of 1.98 percent and being a soil with zero plasticity in its majority. Finally, in the third phase, the experimental phase, the aim was to determine the permeability value of each of the samples, dividing them into coarse aggregate, sand, and silt. To find its permeability value, the constant load permeability test was chosen, using the Edibon brand Drainage Permeameter equipment. This equipment allowed us to obtain the permeability coefficient k (cm/s). As a result, it was obtained that the aggregates from the Mina Mora quarry are suitable for use in drainage works.
Capacidad sísmica residual de un edificio reforzado con perfilería metálica usando análisis no lineal en la ciudad de Ambato
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022) Cisneros Sánchez, Francisco Vinicio; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
To start with the execution of this project we took into account a building located in the city of Ambato, province of Tungurahua, this was born due to the informal construction and non-compliance of structural plans and poor quality of materials. The structure was built of reinforced concrete, reinforced with the method of jacketed columns and beams on metal structure, it has 5 floors and its use is residential. The building was studied the different behaviors that it could have with an Occasional, Frequent, Rare and Very Rare earthquake, as recommended by the NEC-2015 through static and dynamic analysis, verifying its current design conditions and concluding that the building complies with current structural design regulations. The seismic capacity of a structure refers to the total energy that it is capable of dissipating during a seismic event and the residual seismic capacity corresponds to the energy that the structure can still dissipate after a seismic event, under which it has not exhausted all its capacity. In the present investigation, the capacity indexes of the building were determined without reinforcing its mezzanine floors, in this behavior there would have been severe damages in a design seismic event and with reinforcement it could have light damages. The seismic capacity reduction factor calculated with the dissipated energy method by the Japanese Damagexviii Assessment Guide (JBDPA 2015) was determined that for an earthquake Frequent Tr=72 years, Occasional Tr=225 years the damage class would be of a level I that could appear fine cracks smaller than 0, 2 mm and in a Rare Tr=475 years and Very Rare Tr=2500 years earthquake, the damage class would be of a level II where the members of the structure could yield and there could be visible cracks at their ends between 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm wide. In order to complete the study, the costs of rehabilitation and maintenance were determined by means of FEMA P-58 in each seismic event, concluding that currently in a frequent, occasional and rare earthquake it is recommended to repair it, but in a very rare seismic event the cost is similar to the current value of the structure and it is recommended to demolish it.
Caracterización de la curva de consumo diario de agua potable del sector Valle Hermoso de la parroquia La Matriz, cantón Pelileo, provincia Tungurahua
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Moreno Ganán, Zayra Elizabeth; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
Currently, the combination of factors such as accelerated population growth, economic development and climate change are negatively affecting the supply and distribution of drinking water. Therefore, the purpose of this research project is to determine the demand for daily consumption of the vital liquid in the Valle Hermoso Sector and provide real consumption values for the optimization of existing water networks or future projects. The information was collected in the field, the sample was established in 126 homes of the population with which we worked, surveys were applied from which the number of users per-home, the number of sanitary units, the socioeconomic activities and the characteristics of the home were obtained. service of the supply and distribution system, the most appropriate route was drawn to record daily consumption for 45 days in the afternoon. Subsequently, to determine hourly consumption, 7 cameras were installed that recorded the values for 7 consecutive days. and with the help of a manometer, pressure measurements were taken in PSI units from various points over a period of one week. In addition, using graphical information software, the values of per-capita consumption and pressure were interpolated and the study area was georeferenced. With the interpretation and analysis of each of the collected data, maximum and minimum daily consumption, average daily consumption, hourly consumption, consumption patterns, daily consumption curves, per capita consumption of the sector were obtained.
Caracterización de la flamabilidad de los materiales de revestimiento utilizados en construcción, ensayados a borde
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Valdez Pombosa., Anthony Abel; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
The new coating techniques have been used significantly in constructions, in such a way that their behavior against fire has not been considered, which raises questions regarding fire events. From the above, this investigative work was developed on fire reaction tests of construction materials such as Gypsum/ceiling and melamine subjected to the direct action of the fire flame according to the NTE INEN-ISO 11925 standard. 2, for which the physical properties of each material were analyzed and subsequently tested on edge for 30 seconds. In addition, a total of 36 samples were obtained, taking into account 18 specimens of each material with their 3 respective thicknesses, and 3 sectioned longitudinally and 3 transversely, in order to know if the direction of application of the material influences the its flammability. As a result, it was obtained that the melamine materials present an initial ignition, which does not occur with the Gypsum/ceiling materials. It was also evident that the vertical propagation of the flame does not reach the height of 150mm, consequently according to the behavior against the fire and according to the physical properties, each material was classified according to the EN 13501- 1 standard, where Gypsum/ceiling was categorized in class type C, and melamine in class type D, highlighting that all these materials for the production of smoke It is class type S3 and for the fall of inflamed droplets/particles it is class type D2.
Caracterización de la inflamabilidad de los materiales de revestimiento utilizados en construcciones, en base a sus propiedades físicas
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Torres Morales, Stalin Patricio; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
New trends in coatings such as Gypsum, Ceiling and Melamine have been used more frequently in buildings today, but it has not been possible to analyze their behavior when faced with an ignition source, their reaction to fire and their contribution in the event of a fire. Based on this, an investigation of the reaction to fire of these materials was carried out with the application of a direct flame to the surface for 30 seconds and they were classified according to the Euro classes that determined the characteristics and behavior of the material in front of a flame; For which 36 samples were tested, 18 plaster samples in 3 different thicknesses and 18 melamine samples in 3 thicknesses, the same are applied in Gypsum, Ceiling, wall covering, among other uses; the samples were extracted 3 in longitudinal direction and 3 transversal for both materials, with the purpose of knowing if the direction of application of the material influences its combustion. As a result, it was found that no sample reaches initial ignition and the flame does not reach 150 mm in height, which is the maximum range established by the NTE INEN ISO 11925-2 standard. Based on this, Gypsum was classified as class C and melamine as class D, highlighting that for smoke production it is s3 and flaming droplets is d2, where these two materials do not declare any behavior.
Caracterización de la inflamabilidad del material de cubierta panel tipo sándwich utilizado en construcciones, en base a sus propiedades físicas.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Tacuri Chimborazo, Kevin Josue; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
Roof covering alternatives, such as sandwich panels, have been widely used in construction. However, their behavior when exposed to an ignition source, their reaction to fire, and their contribution to fire incidents have not been thoroughly considered. Addressing this need, the present research characterizes the flammability of sandwich panels with a polyisocyanurate (PIR) core, analyzing the influence of their physical properties on fire behavior to classify them according to international standards and assess their suitability for construction applications. Roof covering alternatives, such as sandwich panels, have been widely used in construction. However, their behavior when exposed to an ignition source, their reaction to fire, and their contribution to fire incidents have not been thoroughly considered. Addressing this need, the present research characterizes the flammability of sandwich panels with a polyisocyanurate (PIR) core, analyzing the influence of their physical properties on fire behavior to classify them according to international standards and assess their suitability for construction applications. The findings demonstrate that sandwich panels with PIR cores are safe and efficient for construction purposes. However, further research is recommended to explore improvements through fire-retardant additives or coatings. Additionally, comparing their performance with other materials, such as panels with mineral wool cores, expanded polystyrene (EPS), and phenolic foam, could provide insights into safety, cost, and durability advantages.
Comparación del comportamiento a flexión entre vigas de hormigón simple y vigas de hormigón con adición de virutas metálicas
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Acosta Villacrés, Angélica María; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
The present experimental work promotes the use of steel wastes generated in metallurgy workshops or lathe shops so that once selected with the proper technique, the metal chips are added into the concrete mix so that it can resist more than what is expected under bending loads. By means of the laboratory tests of the materials such as granulometry, real density, absorption capacity, apparent density, moisture content of the fine and coarse aggregate together with the real density of the cement, dosages were implemented with resistances of (240 and 280) kilograms per square centimeter, complying with three ages corresponding to 7, 14 and 28 days. The standard specimens are presented and subsequently, percentages of (5, 8 and 10) percent of metallic chips are added to the mix to replace the fine aggregate. With a total of 72 prismatic specimens to be tested, under the respective standards. With the results obtained from the three phases, it was verified that the prismatic specimens with steel addition are the ones that present a higher modulus of rupture than the plain concrete specimens, being the outstanding ones for a resistance of 240 kilograms per square centimeter the 10 percent replacement and for 280 kilograms per square centimeter the 5 percent replacement. Therefore, as an analysis, the chip contributes positively to the flexural behavior of concrete, being considered as an environmentally friendly alternative.
Correlación entre CBR, DCP, propiedades índice y mecánicas en los suelos de la parroquia La Maná del cantón La Maná, provincia de Cotopaxi
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Pérez Camino, Erick Joel; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
The presence of ballasted roads in the province of Cotopaxi in need of asphalt is evident; however, the existing database on the index and mechanical properties of the soils is insufficient. For the benefit of La Maná parish and areas with similar soil characteristics, the purpose of the experimental work is to find correlations between the mentioned properties and apply them to the design of flexible pavement. Four roads, located in different areas of the parish were identified. Test pits were made, removing the existing vegetative layer, followed by the extraction of 12 soil samples of approximately 50 kilograms at each identified points, field tests were carried out, and the samples were taken to be tested in the laboratories of the Civil Engineering department, respecting AASHTO and ASTM standards. Considering the results obtained from the tests, simple correlations were performed through regression analysis, and multiple correlations were established using the least squares method. Only correlations exceeding 70 percent, classified as good, were selected. As a result, 22 correlations between index and mechanical properties of the soils were determined, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.7021 to 0.9538. Finally, a flexible pavement was designed for the rural areas of the parish, resulting in 6.5cm for the asphalt layer, 10cm for the base, and 15cm for the sub – base, with the CBR value obtained in the laboratory and by correlation.
Correlación entre CBR, DCP, propiedades índice y mecánicas en los suelos de las parroquias Guasaganda y Pucayacu del cantón La Maná, provincia de Cotopaxi
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Pazmiño Viera, María Fernanda; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
The provinces of Guasaganda and Pucayacu belonging to the La Maná canton, being sectors far from the main axis, have roads that do not ensure correct vehicular circulation due to the lack of information on the properties of the soil. For this reason, the present research work seeks to expand the database of said soils and in this way determine a magnitude between the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test and the Dynamic Cone Penetration (DCP) test, since they are factors that have a direct impact. with the design of flexible pavements. The investigative project consists of 3 phases where it started from a preliminary study of the area, the excavation of 12 pits and the extraction of approximately 50 kilograms, thus executing in situ tests such as the Cone and Sand and DCP in accordance with the stipulated regulations. Following this, the index and mechanical properties were developed through tests carried out in the laboratory, to later comply with phase 2, which corresponded to the determination of different correlations between tests, where a reliability coefficient of 55.68 percent was obtained in the compensation between CBR and DCP are a moderate range of acceptance. These CBR values obtained in compression and in the laboratory made it possible to apply them in two preliminary designs of the flexible pavement where it was verified that, since there was no greater variability in percentages, the pavement design consisted of the same thicknesses, 5 cm for layer. asphalt, 15 cm for base and 20 cm for subbase.
Correlación entre el CBR, DCP, propiedades índice y mecánicas en suelos de la parroquia Isinliví y Chugchilán del cantón Sigchos, provincia de Cotopaxi.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Gallardo Castañeda, María Paula; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
This experimental work arises due to the limited existing information on soil analysis in the sector. Recognizing that such characteristics are crucial for the planning and execution of construction projects, a soil analysis was conducted in the parishes of Isinliví and Chugchilán, located in the Sigchos canton, Cotopaxi province. The results of this analysis will provide a comprehensive understanding of the existing correlations. To establish significant relationships, an exhaustive analysis was performed on 12 soil samples extracted from the study area. These samples were subsequently subjected to both field and laboratory tests. Once the results were obtained, they were tabulated and analyzed; this data allowed for the establishment of correlations between various soil characteristics, providing detailed insights into their properties.In the subsequent correlation analysis between the different tests, 22 significant correlations were identified, with determination coefficients ranging from Good to Excellent. Notably, the correlation between the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and the natural moisture content yielded a coefficient of 72.27, which was utilized in the pavement design process. Finally, a traffic study was conducted in the area to formulate a flexible pavement design proposal. The CBR values employed were derived from both laboratory tests and those obtained through the correlations, confirming their suitability for application in the pavement design phase.