Browsing by Author "Solis Lopez Gabriel Eleazar"

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    Establecimiento de una colección de hongos con potencial micotoxigénico en el cultivo Zea mays variedad maíz blanco harinoso tipo chazo
    (2025-02) Solis Lopez Gabriel Eleazar; Dobronski Arcos Jorge Enrique
    In Ecuador, corn (Zea mays) is a crop of great economic and social importance, widely used in human and animal food. This grain is susceptible to fungal attacks, notably from species with mycotoxigenic potential such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium. These fungi produce secondary metabolites like aflatoxins and fumonisins, compounds that affect both food quality and safety, as well as human and animal health. Given this issue, the identification and isolation of these fungi are crucial for developing effective strategies for controlling and preventing diseases associated with their presence. This study focused on the isolation, identification, and preservation of mycotoxigenic fungi present in white flour maize of the chazo type. From two sowings and incubations of maize grains, colonies with macromorphological and micromorphological characteristics typical of the genus Penicillium sp. were obtained. The identification of the isolated fungi was based on macroscopic and microscopic observations, supplemented with the use of taxonomic keys to classify the isolates. The results indicated that the colonies belong to the genus Penicillium sp., a group known for its ability to produce mycotoxins, secondary compounds that pose significant risks to food quality and public health. Although these characteristics aided in identification, specific tests to confirm their mycotoxigenic capacity were not carried out. However, previous studies support the association of the genus Penicillium with the production of toxic metabolites under favorable conditions. To ensure the preservation of the isolated fungi, a protocol was designed and implemented using glycerol as a cryoprotectant. The samples were stored at 4 °C in Eppendorf tubes, allowing for preservation. This approach ensures the viability of the isolates, maintaining their mycotoxigenic properties and their utility for future research.