Medicina

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Subject: search.filters.subject.COVID-19

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    IMPACTO DE LA PANDEMIA POR COVID-19 EN LA SALUD MENTAL
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-09-25) Sánchez Caicedo, Christopher Andrés; Aguilar Salazar, Aida Fabiola
    Objective: To analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, from a bibliographic analysis, on mental health. Methods: Qualitative approach, with a cross-sectional and descriptive study. For the collection of information, academic search engines such as: PubMed, MedLine, Scopus, SciELO, Redalyc, eLibros, National Library of Medicine, among others, were used. The work was developed from Google Scholar with a selection of 55 research studies. Results and conclusion: The incidence of mental illness affecting people in Ecuador is high and growing due to the lack of attention provided by the health system, despite the efforts made during the COVID-19 pandemic and after it. It is urged to develop protocols for action, study and control from the beginning of a problem as important as the one that occurred during the pandemic by COVID-19.
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    IMPLICACIONES DE LA INFECCIÓN POR SARS-CoV-2 EN EL SISTEMA ENDOCRINO
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Zabala Cardenas, Erick Roberto; López Moya, Andrea Gabriela
    Introduction: Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection has been a public health problem since its inception in 2020 in Wuhan, China. Its main route of cellular entry is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Although the lung is the main organ affected due to its high concentration of ACE2, this enzyme also exists in endocrine organs, causing alterations in the hormonal system. Objective: To conduct a systematic review on the implications of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the endocrine system. Methodology: Non-experimental, descriptive study, a systematic search was conducted on the influence of SARS-CoV-2 on the endocrine system from January 2020 to August 2023. Results: Some structures of the endocrine system are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection such as the anterior pituitary, because it is located outside the blood-brain barrier, other affected areas such as the thyroid gland is susceptible because of its high concentrations of ACE 2 and also has been observed greater degree of severity in patients without thymus because it increases the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Conclusion: There is a relationship between the severity of this viral infection and the decrease in serum hormone concentrations of TSH, T3, T4.
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    VITAMINA D: UNA TERAPIA COADYUVANTE EN EL MANEJO DE COVID-19
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Yánez Chicaiza, Edith Yesenia; Galarza Galarza, Cinthia Katherine
    Objective: to determine how Vit-D acts at the immune system level reducing the risk of severity by COVID-19. Methods: Descriptive observational study. Results and conclusions: The defensive role of Vit-D against respiratory system related infections is demonstrated in clinical trials. Supplementation is suggested to maintain optimal circulating levels in the body. There is evidence of a significant association between Vit-D insufficiency/deficiency and susceptibility to COVID-19 and its severity. Therefore, Vit-D supplementation is suggested to maintain a serum concentration greater than 30 ng/mL to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its consequences.
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    NATIONAL EARLY WARNING SCORE 2 Y COVID-19 SEVERITY INDEX, PREDICTORES DE MORTALIDAD EN EL SARS-COV2
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Quimbita Ramon, Bryan Marcelo; Bombón Pozo, Caroll Alexandra
    The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global health emergency. Accurate assessment of disease severity is crucial for its management. In this context, prognostic scales such as the National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS-2) and the COVID-19 Severity Index (CSI) have emerged as significant tools. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the NEWS-2 and CSI scales as mortality predictors in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. For this purpose, a literature review of research on prognostic scales in COVID-19 patients was conducted, selecting relevant articles published up to January 2023. The results were analyzed to determine the accuracy of NEWS-2 and CSI in predicting mortality. Evidencing that, roth NEWS-2 and CSI were shown to be effective tools for predicting mortality in individuals with COVID-19. However, CSI demonstrated higher sensitivity and specificity, especially when supplemented with additional parameters such as biomarkers and risk factors. It is concluded that, NEWS-2 and CSI are useful for predicting mortality in COVID-19, with CSI being more precise. The inclusion of biomarkers and risk factors improves their predictive capacity. Further research is needed to validate and enhance these tools in the clinical management of the disease.
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    REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA SOBRE LA ENFERMEDAD PULMONAR OBSTRUCTIVA CRÓNICA EN EL DESARROLLO Y PRONÓSTICO DE COVID-19
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Lluguay Chiliquinga, Mauricio Ronaldo; Bombón Pozo, Caroll Alexandra
    Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third most common cause of death worldwide, it does not appear as a frequent comorbidity associated with a COVID -19 infection, it appears below metabolic and/or cardiovascular comorbidities, data The few available data relate it to a severe case of COVID-19. This review focuses on determining the mechanism by which patients with COPD develop severe COVID-19 in addition to the role that inhaled corticosteroids have in the development of COVID-19 infection. Materials and methods: A bibliographic review was carried out based on original articles and reviews of the following databases PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus and Scielo. The selected articles were published in the period between 2019-2023. Results: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with the development of severe COVID-19 infection due to the high expression of ACE-2 receptors in the airway, previous exacerbations result in a worse prognosis in concomitant infection. The use of inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is essential since it generates a protector by inhibiting viral replication, reducing symptoms and hospitalization time. On the other hand, inhaled corticosteroids can generate an immunosuppressive effect, worsening the prognosis of the disease. COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, despite not being a comorbidity frequently associated with COVID-19, is related to a worse prognosis due to an increase in viral load and immunosuppression.
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    Hipertensión arterial sistémica en pacientes con COVID-19
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2023-07-10) Peña Acosta, Michelle de los Ángeles; Padilla Vinueza, Verónica Elizabeth
    Introduction. - Arterial hypertension represented one of the most common comorbidities in patients with COVID-19, in Latin America 47.5% of the adult population has systemic arterial hypertension. The second country in South America with the highest number of infections is Ecuador with 819,886 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 35,160 deaths. Aim. - Analyze the current knowledge on the relationship between systemic arterial hypertension and COVID -19. Methodology. - In this bibliographic review article, the search and collection of impact information was carried out through various electronic databases, including: New England Journal of Medicine, Uptodate, Medscape, Cochrane, Pubmed, Elseiver, Scopus and clinical practice guidelines. Using around 30 documents that include the inclusion criteria for the study. Discussion. - In the study of the year 2019; Association Between Blood Pressure Control and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outcomes in 45 418 Symptomatic Patients With Hypertension. An observation study. The association between preinfection blood pressure (BP) control and COVID-19 outcomes was examined using data from 460 general practices in England. The primary study was death within 28 days of Covid-19 diagnosis. Conclusions. - Arterial hypertension represented one of the most common comorbidities in patients with COVID-19, followed by diabetes mellitus and heart disease. Together, it was evidenced that the increase in blood pressure gradually increases the unfavorable results for both mortality, septic shock, respiratory failure, respiratory distress syndrome and admission to the intensive care unit.
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    Neumotórax espontáneo como complicación en la enfermedad por covid - 19, revisión bibliográfica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2022-11-01) Navas Fonseca, Marco Daniel; Pinos Cedeño, María José Dra. Esp.
    Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) capable of causing mild to severe infections in humans. Since its first appearance in China in December 2019, it has spread rapidly around the world. Despite considerable efforts to contain the disease, the virus remains prevalent in many countries with varying degrees of clinical manifestations. Numerous studies have shown its typical and atypical findings on Computed Tomography (CT), highlighting among the rare findings pneumomediastinum and spontaneous pneumothorax, which are related to a significant increase in mortality. Therefore, a bibliographic review is carried out through a critical analysis of the current scientific evidence about spontaneous pneumothorax as a complication in COVID-19 disease. The probable cause of spontaneous pneumothorax turned out to be alveolar rupture as a consequence of severe diffuse alveolar damage, so it is recommended that the patient should be carefully monitored in order to avoid respiratory deterioration
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    Fibrosis pulmonar como secuela pulmonar parenquimatosa provocada por covid 19: una revisión bibliográfica
    (2022-10) Ortiz Atiaja, Johana Isabel; Palacios Vargas, Doris Vanessa Dra. Esp.
    Introduction: Pulmonary fibrosis is an interstitial lung disease characterized by lack of normal healing, causing difficulty breathing due to lack of oxygen intake. The progress to developing fibrosis depends on several factors such as habits, patient comorbidities and diseases such as pneumonia and respiratory distress syndrome. Objective: To carry out a review of effective information on pulmonary fibrosis as a sequel to Covid-19, which allows health sciences personnel to obtain new knowledge about this common disease today. Materials and methods: An exhaustive search for information on pulmonary fibrosis as a consequence of Covid-19 was carried out through databases such as: Springer, Google Scholar, PMC, NCBI, where articles from the last 2 years were collected in English and Spanish. . Results and discussion: After an exhaustive search for information, it was obtained that fibrosis develops mainly due to lung injury due to severe effects of the coronavirus, as well as the lack of effective therapies to stop the progression of fibrosis. The main diagnostic methods were identified, with chest tomography being the gold standard to identify this disease. Antifibrotic therapies currently help the progression and worsening of lung function. Conclusion: It is concluded that the work carried out shows that patients who did not fully recover from the covid-19 infection and who during their hospital stay suffered severe deterioration developed pulmonary fibrosis
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    Vacunación contra sars-cov-2: efectos secundarios de la vacuna chadox1ncov-19. (Astrazeneca)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2022-10-01) Leones Sandoval, Héctor Alexander; Barba GuzmánBio. MsC., Carmen Variña
    Covid-19 has impacted the world, altering diferente áreas of development sucha as economical and socials that causedconsiderable deaths to all social strata. Mass vaccination has been the object of a countermeasure for the pandemic, however, adverse reactions have occurred after vaccination thathave concerned the general population. Therefore, it is intended to determine the relationship between side effects and predisposing factors after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 using ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca).A bibliographic review has been carried out following the PRISMA guidelines of the studies found in PubMed and ScienceDirect, including a total of 16 studies.Through them we can asume thatrisk factors most related to the development of adverse effects to vaccination were women, young people, those under specific pharmacological treatment, with symptoms such as pain in the puncture area and headache standing out, however, the specific relationship between they, have not come to be clear yetdue to lack of studies around the main topic.
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    Covid 19 en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC).
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2022-10-01) Estevez Angulo, Andrés Roberto; Romo López, Ángel Geovanny Dr. Esp.
    Introduction: Since the outbreak in China of SARSCOV-2, which gave rise to what is now known as the COVID-19 pandemic, which today continues to add multiple variants which tend to be more virulent than the past, that is why diseases such as Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that is considered one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide is the cause of severe COVID-19 symptoms due to exacerbation of symptoms and worsening of the target organ such as the lung and its respiratory annexes, causing a degree of morbidity and mortality higher than in COVID patients who do not have COPD. Objective: This article attempts to summarize, analyze, and describe the complications, symptoms, morbidity, and mortality of COVID-19 in patients with COPD, through a bibliographic review of high-impact scientific literature. 4 Materials and methods: For the realization of this article, several high-impact data sources were taken into account, such as PubMed, Cochrane, Medline, IntraMed, SciELO, WHO, etc., the time range considered was from the year 2020, in English, Spanish and French.Results: 28 scientific articles published in the journals PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus published between April and October 2020 were reviewed. Conclusion: The SARSCoV-2 virus directly affects people who have underlying diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which, being one of the most common in terms of chronic diseases, and patients with COPD have ACE-2 expression in the bronchial epithelial cells in the lower part of the respiratory tract, which is used by SARSCoV-2 to infect the host, therefore these types of patients tend to have more complications than patients who do not have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.