Nutrición y Dietética

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Start date: 2024Subject: search.filters.subject.SOBREPESO

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    LA FIBRA COMO AGENTE DE SACIEDAD PARA COMBATIR LA OBESIDAD EN NIÑOS
    (2025-06-18) Espinoza Supe, Christian Javier; Katherin Yaritza Girón Saltos; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
    Fiber is a very important nutrient since numerous beneficial effects have been demonstrated, including increased satiety and weight reduction. In modern society there are more than 390 million overweight children, the aforementioned pathology occurs when consuming an amount of energy that exceeds the daily requirement. The objective of this article was to compile the studies that encompass the relationship between fiber intake and increased satiety, as well as to describe the metabolic processes that are generated in the body. For this purpose, a bibliographic review was carried out through Pubmed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases that include articles from 2019 to 2024. The results obtained show that an intake rich in fiber produces metabolic effects during the phases of digestion, which results in an increase in satiety and therefore a reduction in body weight. Finally, the limitation of achieving the level of satiety in people was emphasized since satiety is influenced by various particular factors.
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    IMPACTO DEL PROGRAMA NUTRICIONAL "MUÉVETE" EN EL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DEL PERSONAL DE LA EMPRESA DE ALIMENTOS BIOALIMENTAR - TUNGURAHUA
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-26) Orbea Cadena, Paula Victoria; Viteri Robayo, Carmen Patricia
    In the workplace, the health and well-being of personnel is fundamental to a company's performance and productivity. The implementation of nutritional programs represents a proactive strategy that seeks to improve the health status of employees and reduce absenteeism caused by chronic noncommunicable diseases derived from overweight and obesity. The objective of the research was to study the impact of the nutritional program "Muévete" on the nutritional status of the personnel of the food company Bioalimentar in order to analyze the role of nutritional programs in companies. The research is observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and quasi-experimental. The sample consisted of 71 workers. To identify the prevalence of overweight and obesity, specific data such as weight and height were taken to determine body mass index, on the other hand, to analyze the percentage of fat mass the four main folds were used (biceps, triceps, subscapular and supraileac) and cardiovascular risk with the measurement of waist circumference, as for the measurement of the impact of the program a comparative analysis was made between the data pre application of the program and post application of the same. As a result, 47.9% were overweight and obesity grade I, corresponding to 25.4% in the male gender. As for the percentage of fat mass, 53.5% of the male gender had an average level of fat and 39.4% had an increased level of cardiovascular risk. In conclusion, the findings of this study have the potential to benefit not only Bioalimentar, but also other companies and the community in general, promoting a culture of wellness and integral health and directly influencing the formulation of policies and strategies at the corporate and governmental level, thus increasing the sustainability of the companies.
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    SOBREPESO Y OBESIDAD EN MUJERES EN EDAD FÉRTIL QUE USAN ANTICONCEPTIVOS EN EL CANTÓN SALCEDO
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-25) Vasco Atiaja, Dayana Belén; Cruz Hidalgo, Pablo Andrés
    The use of hormonal contraceptives is involved in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in women of childbearing age, after prolonged use of hormonal contraceptives. The objective of this research was to identify the relationship between the prevalence of overweight and obesity in women of childbearing age who use hormonal contraceptives in the Salcedo Canton of the Cemoplaf center, by means of anthropometric and dietary assessment and level of physical activity. By means of an observational, descriptive case-control study of 90 women, of whom 45 used contraceptives for more than 1 year, and 45 participants did not use contraceptive methods. To identify the characteristics of the population we used age, occupation, whether contraceptive methods were used, type and time of use, on the other hand, for the anthropometric assessment we used the Body Mass Index, cardiovascular risk, muscular area and fat area of the arm, for the dietary assessment and level of physical activity we used two questionnaires, the frequency of consumption according to the IASE healthy eating index and the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). The results showed that 27.8% of the women who use contraceptives are overweight, 6.6% are obese, while 30.0% of the participants who do not use contraceptives are at an adequate weight. Cardiovascular risk is higher in women who use contraceptives with 24.4%, the diet index does not show a significance with the use of methods while the level of physical activity shows a significance of p=0.002. Therefore, the use of hormonal contraceptives over a period of time greater than 1 year is related to overweight and obesity in women of childbearing age, in the same way eating habits and the level of physical activity are involved in the development of these pathologies.
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    MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL EN LA OBESIDAD: REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-20) Gutierrez Lozada, Andres Eduardo; Guangasig Toapanta, Víctor Hernán
    Obesity and overweight is the abnormal and excessive accumulation of body fat. In recent decades they have become a global public health problem. The intestinal microbiota, which is the microbial ecosystem that colonizes the gastrointestinal tract, is involved in the pathogenesis of obesity. The objective of the present review is to compile the latest advances on the relationship between the intestinal microbiota in obesity and establish dysbiosis as an important factor in obesity, as well as the influence of diet on the intestinal microbiota and the consumption of prebiotics and probiotics. . . A methodology was used based on the bibliographic review of research related to the microbiota and obesity, carried out by exploring digital platforms specialized in health, such as Pubmed, Google Academic, ScIELO and Dialnet, in the period between 2019 and 2023. The results revealed that an imbalance in the intestinal microbiota is associated with an increased risk of obesity and related diseases. It is clear that the intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity.
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    Determinación del porcentaje de grasa en los adolescentes de 12 a 18 años asociada a factores socio demográficos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-05-01) Galarza Barragán, Rebeca Karolina; Quiroga Torres, Tannia Elizabeth Mg.
    Currently, overweight and obesity constitute a global problem that affects the majority of adolescents, particularly in Latin America. In our country, it is estimated that 26% of the population has malnutrition due to excess linked to poor diet and factors that influence their development. Therefore, the objective of this work is to determine the relationship between fat percentage and associated sociodemographic factors in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. For this reason, a descriptive observational correlational methodology with a transversal, qualitative and quantitative approach was used, with a study sample of 253 students to whom the questionnaire on sociodemographic factors was applied and anthropometric measurements were taken. As a result, it was obtained that the adolescents had an average BMI of 22.24 kg/m²; The majority of adolescents (64.4%) according to the BMI/Age indicator have a normal nutritional status, 3.2% are malnourished and 28.5% are underweight. When we talk about overweight and obesity, the percentages are 3.2% and 0.8% respectively. In Height/Age, a predominance was obtained in normal height (60.9) and large normal height (25.3%). Regarding the percentage of fat, it was found that 64.4% had a normal percentage, 8.7% high and 25.3% very high, being higher in women than in men. In addition, a relationship was obtained between the percentage of fat and sex (p = 0.024), with the female gender predominating; No significant linear relationship was obtained with other sociodemographic data.