Nutrición y Dietética
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/33812
Browse
5 results
Search Results
Item IMPACTO DE LA LACTANCIA MATERNA Y ALIMENTACIÓN COMPLEMENTARIA EN LA MALNUTRICIÓN(2025-06-18) Álvarez Peñaherrera Camila Domenica; Llangari Zurita Mirian Isabel; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaIntroduction: Breastfeeding and complementary feeding initiate the growth and development of cognitive, physical, and emotional capacities in humans. Good practices are reinforced when understanding the health context of women and infants in Latin America, as over 50% of breastfeeding individuals face challenges in providing a healthy feeding process during the early days of infancy. Objective: Identify the role of breastfeeding and complementary feeding in preventing malnutrition, through the analysis of good practices and factors influencing non-compliance in Latin American countries. Methods: Updated information from primary and secondary sources in the last 5 years has been compiled, prioritizing research focused on Latin America, available in medical databases, academic works, conferences, and official bulletins. Results: Breastfeeding and early feeding are crucial for the baby's brain development, providing key nutrients and strengthening the intestinal microbiota. Malnutrition, linked to socio-economic and cultural factors, negatively impacts child growth. It is essential to promote exclusive breastfeeding and proper nutrition to prevent diseases and ensure long-term healthy development. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of breastfeeding for cognitive development and infant health, encouraging women to take responsible care in infant feeding, preventing malnutrition, and strengthening the immune system from the early months of life.Item PREVALENCIA DE MALNUTRICIÓN EN EL ADULTO MAYOR INSTITUCIONALIZADO DEL CANTÓN AMBATO(2025-06-18) Tipán Villena, Jonathan Josué; Arteaga Almeida, Cristina Alexandra; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaThis research paper highlights the prevalence of malnutrition in institutionalized older adults in the Ambato canton, focusing on risk factors, dietary intake, and nutritional status. Malnutrition in this age group is a public health problem influenced by socioeconomic, genetic, lifestyle, and dietary factors, all of which are exacerbated by the growing aging population and inadequate care. Identifying these issues is challenging, as diagnoses are often made too late. The study conducted is cross-sectional with both quantitative and qualitative approaches, evaluating 50 older adults from two institutions through body perimeter measurements, body mass index (BMI), and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) survey. The main risks found include social isolation, stress, functional dependency, depression, and poor dietary intake. The results showed that 50% of the population is underweight, 58% are at risk of malnutrition, and 22% are already affected by it, due to insufficient calorie intake and low weight, with no significant correlation with muscle mass or body fat. Malnutrition in older adults is not solely related to the amount of energy consumed, but also to the quality of their diet, physical activity, and emotional support. Therefore, it is recommended to promote physical activity, encourage social and psychological support to ensure a better quality of life for the vulnerable population.Item ESTADO NUTRICIONAL EN LA PRIMERA INFANCIA, SEGÚN NIVELES DE SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA Y NUTRICIONAL EN UNA COMUNIDAD RURAL DEL CANTÓN LATACUNGA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-27) Rivadeneira Quiroga, Marina Alejandra; Guanga Lara, Verónica ElizabethThe objective of this research was to associate nutritional status and food security in early childhood in a rural community of Latacunga in order to know the number of families suffering from food insecurity and how many children within them suffer from malnutrition, for which a crossectional descriptive observational study was conducted. The samples used were 34 children from 1 to 3 years old who belong to a child development center in the Ashpacruz sector of the city of Latacunga. As a source of information, the nutritional status of the children was evaluated through weight and length/height in addition to two surveys, one conducted by the researcher with socio economic characteristics and general data of the caregiver, availability and access to food, water for consumption, among other determinants, and the ELCSA survey to determine the level of food insecurity of the children and their families. The results obtained show that only global malnutrition is related to food insecurity according to the statistical test applied and that most of the population studied has some type of malnutrition. In addition, it was evidenced that most families suffer from moderate food insecurity, which shows that the studied population and their families have a reduced amount of food and that these foods are not of good nutritional quality being data of utmost importance due to the prevalence of malnutrition in the country and the impact that food security has on society today.Item Aplicación del screening stamp en la evaluación de malnutrición de niños de 0 a 5 años de los centros de desarrollo infantil del cantón Píllaro(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-05-01) Silva Guevara, Israel Alejandro; Bustillos Ortiz, Diana IsabelIng. MSc.In this research work, the prevalence of the diagnosis of risk of malnutrition in children from 0 to 5 years old was determined through the application of the STAMP nutritional screening and its sensitivity and reliability for its use. The sample used consisted of 47 children belonging to a child development center in the city of Píllaro who were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria determining the study. Anthropometric data on weight and height were collected and the screening was applied to the caregivers who provide food to the children in the child development center. These anthropometric data were analyzed using the WHO ANTRO system, which established growth curves and their respective standard deviations. According to the sensitivity of the screening, 60% was obtained and according to its specificity, 52%; according to the relationship established between the results of the STAMP screening and the BMI/age indicator, a chi-square was obtained with a value of p= 0.453. Finally, using the prevalence formula, of the 47 children to whom the STAMP screening was applied, 22 (46.81%) registered a low risk of malnutrition; 17 (36.17%) a medium risk of malnutrition and 8 (17.02%) a high risk of malnutrition, so that more than half of them would have the possibility of presenting child malnutrition.Item Calidad de la dieta hospitalaria en relación con los requerimientos nutricionales, en pacientes adultos mayores asilados en el hogar sagrado corazón de Jesús Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2023-09-01) Guaña Escobar, Rita Francisned; Bustillos Ortiz Ing. MSc., Diana IsabelIntroduction: An adequate nutritional contribution does not only refer to the adequate consumption of calories, but also to balance of the contribution of macronutrients and micronutrients; In elders, this premise becomes a difficult task to fulfill, due to the environment where they live and their functional situation, food intake is hindered and leads to states of malnutrition. Carrying out studies based on food intake in this population becomes essential to improve the nutritional approach and seek new dietary strategies that help the elderly population. Objective: This research is focused on studying the quality of the hospital diet in relation to nutritional requirements, in elderly patients living in the Hogar Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Ambato. Methodology: We worked with a population of 54 older adults from the stated institution, their nutritional requirements were calculated by applying the Müller formula with an activity factor plus food thermogenics, in addition a three-day data collection was carried out in the which the food supply of the elderly was analyzed, and finally a crossover of variables was carried out to verify the hypothesis. Results: Having a baseline of the nutritional status of the population, it was evidenced that 50% of the elderly showed low weight and only 31.5% had an adequate weight. In relation to these data, when evaluating food intake, it was determined that 57.4% had a deficient consumption of calories, 38.9% protein, and 66.7% carbohydrates. Conclusion: It was concluded that the nutrient intake in elders living in Hogar Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Ambato does not reach the nutritional requirements of each one.