Enfermería
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Item FACTORES DE RIESGO CARDIO-METABÓLICOS EN ADULTOS CON SOBREPESO Y OBESIDAD DE UNA POBLACIÓN RURAL ECUATORIANA(2025-06-17) Lopez Panata, Erika Pamela; Arráiz de Fernández, Carolina; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaObesity and overweight are cardiometabolic factors that increase the risk of diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, associated with unhealthy eating habits and sedentary lifestyles; these health issues have been declared global epidemics. Objective: To determine cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults in a rural Ecuadorian population. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Pisacha neighborhood of Ambato, Ecuador, from May to August 2024. Using an observational and descriptive approach, 48 individuals aged 20 to 64 were studied. Anthropometric measurements, waist circumference, fasting and occasional glucose levels (measured by glucometer), two blood pressure readings, and the risk factor questionnaire created by the Mexican National Secretariat were administered. Results: The analysis shows that men predominate in the 20–44 age group, while women are more common in the 45–64 age group. Obesity is more prevalent among women, and overweight among men. Sixty-five percent of respondents do not exercise regularly, and optimal blood pressure is more frequent in men aged 20–44. Additionally, 46% of those with overweight and obesity present positive casual glycemia results. Conclusions: Overweight is more common in men than in women, while physical inactivity is one of the most concerning factors, as most respondents engage in little or no exercise, with higher prevalence among women. Higher age and obesity are associated with borderline blood pressures, and overweight and obesity predispose individuals to positive casual glycemia results.Item EVALUACIÓN ANTROPOMÉTRICA, HÁBITOS ALIMENTARIOS Y ACTIVIDAD FÍSICA EN ADOLESCENTES CON MALNUTRICIÓN POR EXCESO(2025-06-16) Bonilla Zamora, Karina Marisol; Fernández Soto, Gerardo Fernando; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Overweight and obesity in adolescents is a growing public health problem both globally and nationally, characterized by a significant increase in the incidence of overweight and obesity in this population. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of these disorders has increased by 28% between 2016 and 2023. In Ecuador, 25.2% of adolescents are overweight or obese, with higher rates observed in urban areas and among the female population. This phenomenon is linked to high levels of physical inactivity (65.1%) and the adoption of inadequate eating habits. Objective: To determine the anthropometric evaluation, eating habits, and physical activity in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Methods: Quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive study carried out on 87 adolescents aged 13-14 years from the Santa Lucía community. Nutritional status was assessed by BMI according to WHO criteria, dietary habits by means of a validated self-completed questionnaire, and physical activity by means of the PAQ-A questionnaire. Results: 97.7% were overweight and 2.3% were obese. 93.1% showed inadequate dietary habits and 100% inadequate levels of physical activity. The PAQ-A questionnaire revealed that 82.8% had very low levels of physical activity and 17.2% had low levels. Conclusion: A high prevalence of malnutrition due to excess associated with inadequate dietary habits and insufficient levels of physical activity was evident in the study population, suggesting the urgent need for specific interventions that address both nutritional aspects and the promotion of physical activity in this population.Item INTERVENCIONES DE ENFERMERÍA EN LA OBESIDAD INFANTIL(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) Yagchirema Yancha, Katherine Mishelle; Velasco Acurio, Evelin FernandaIntroduction: Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by a high percentage of fat in the human body, caused mainly by endogenous (genetic), biological and exogenous causes (life habits), representing a serious public health problem. Objective: To know the nursing interventions in childhood obesity. Methods: A systemic review of scientific articles was carried out using the PICO strategy. The search was carried out according to PRISMA parameters where initially 40 articles were obtained, of which 18 were included under inclusion criteria such as: Original studies, clinical trials, systematic reviews and metaanalysis, free access, English and Spanish languages and that have been published. between the years 2019 and 2023; while, the exclusion criteria were: degree thesis and documents that did not meet the inclusion criteria. The databases were: ELSEVIER, MEDLINE, Redalyc, SCIELO, Latindex, Dialnet, Latin REV, Scopus using descriptors in health sciences (DECS) from Bireme and the Medical Subject Headings (MESH) from the National Library of Medicine in English. , such as: (interventions) AND (childhood obesity AND (Nursing). Results: Nursing interventions focused mainly on improving eating behaviors and reducing sedentary lifestyle. Those related to the family were more successful, because, by training adults the quality of life of the child is improved. Conclusions: The training of nursing staff is essential for the management and care of childhood obesity.Item NIVEL DE ANSIEDAD EN ADOLESCENTES CON SOBREPESO U OBESIDAD(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-05-29) Salazar Chérrez, Verónica Juliana; Arraíz de Fernández, CarolinaObjective: To determine the level of anxiety in overweight or obese adolescents. Material and Method: Quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive and cross-sectional study, conducted from April to August 2023, in an educational unit of the canton of Ambato, Province of Tungurahua, Ecuador. From a population of 109 students, the final sample consisted of 71 adolescents with overweight or obesity belonging to the eighth, ninth and tenth grades of General Basic Education (GBS). To measure anxiety, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) questionnaire was used, which has been validated with high reliability (Cronbach's alpha: 0.82); for nutritional status, waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) were measured, along with the demographic variables sex and age. Results: 54% male, 38% in the ninth year of GBS and a moderate level of anxiety. Conclusions: More than half of the adolescents are overweight and obese, with a predominance of males, especially in the ninth year of GBS, and there is a moderate level of anxiety in most of the sample studied, with a higher frequency in females. It is important for nursing staff educate the population, especially adolescents, about the health benefits of a healthy lifestyle.Item Análisis de los factores de riesgo en embarazadas con obesidad que acuden al centro de salud tipo C Saquisili(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2021-11-01) Pinsha Defaz, Evelyn Dayana; Analuisa Jiménez, Eulalia IsabelLic. Mg.Introduction: Obesity in pregnancy is considered a public health problem since it can cause both obstetric and neonatal risks.Objetive: To analyze the risk in pregnant women with obesity attending the Type C Saquisili Health Center.Methods: The research was quantitative, observational, descriptive, field and cross-sectional design, considering as the study population 50 patients who attended this health center during the research period April–September 2021. The type of sampling used was non-probabilistic by convenience and the information was collected through two instruments: Perceived Quality of Life and a questionnaire for Pathophysiological Data such information was validated by means of Crombach's Alpha indicator. The extracted data were processed through the SPSS statistical program where the results obtained were plotted in figures.In addition, informed consent was requested, guaranteeing the ethical principles of research for both the patient and the operating unit.Results: The level of secondary education prevails in the couple in 42% as in the case of the wife 94%.On the other hand the food frequently consumed by the gestaste is between 70% of carbohydrates, the physical activity performed by these women are walking 82% and corried out by 48% less than once a week with a duration of 6 – 15 minutes being 58%. Conclusion: It is concluded that the level of study, work situation, poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, first menarche according to age are causes of overweight and obesity.Item Esteatosis hepatica en escolares y adolescentes con obesidad central(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2021-09-01) Lalaleo Portero, Tannia Jacqueline; Arráiz De Fernández, Carolina Dra.Introduction: Non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis is defined as the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in the absence of alcohol consumption being uncommon in the pediatric population, although with the advent of the twentieth century pandemic as obesity, this pathology has increased its incidence, as well as others that belong to the metabolic syndrome. Objective: To determine the presence of hepatic steatosis in schoolchildren and adolescents with central obesity. Methods: The study design is quantitative, descriptive and crosssectional. The sample was of census type represented by 32 schoolchildren and adolescents who met the inclusion criteria which are: from 6 to 19 years of age with central obesity, after signing the informed consent. To which they were performed, measurement of waist circumference, abdominal ultrasound, lipid profile measurement and physical activity level determination through the application of the Pictorial Questionnaire of Children's Physical Activity. Results: We studied 32 patients, 18 (56.3%) of the male sex, adolescents 59.37%. With normal ultrasound (29/32) and with hepatic steatosis (3/32), of which 66.7% are grade II and 33.3% grade III. With hypertriglyceridemia and triglyceride-bordering levels in 81.27% and hypercholesterolemia and cholesterol-bordering levels in 75%. Conclusion: School patients and adolescents with central obesity present a borderline lipid profile or dyslipidemia, in which although they belong to the pediatric population, cases of moderate and severe hepatic steatosis are evident.Item “Hábitos alimenticios y su relación con el índice de masa corporal en adultos de 35 a 59 años de edad del cantón Salcedo, provincia de cotopaxi en el periodo Septiembre 2019 – Febrero 2020”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermeria, 2020-03-01) Acosta Zagal, Marcos Israel; Meza Rodríguez, María Viviana. Lic. Mg.Nutrition is the process by which living beings incorporate, modify and eliminate preceding substances from the outside, eating habits are individual and collective behaviors that are adopted over the years, poor diet and lack of exercise leads to weight gain which can lead to people being obese and eventually can lead to diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, strokes, osteoporosis and certain types of cancer. Obesity is defined as the gain of body adipose tissue, this is due to poor healthy habits, such as poor diet and lack of physical activity in people. The present study is a descriptive-observational investigation in which 118 individuals belonging to the Canton Salcedo participated, Cotopaxi province and had a 35 to 59 year old age range, this study was conducted in order to see how the eating habits affected the BMI of people, where it was observed that the majority of people carry bad eating habits, being women the group that stand up. Similarly, with BMI, more than half of the survey population suffers from overweight or obesity, with women having the highest prevalence of being obese and men being overweight.