Enfermería
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Item FACTORES QUE AUMENTAN LAS INFECCIONES DE TRANSMISIÓN SEXUAL EN LA POBLACION DEL ECUADOR: REVISION SISTEMATICA(2025-06-17) Villarroel Bonilla, Estiven Javier; Cashabamba Padilla, Franklin Hernán; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Sexually transmitted infections are caused by microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria and parasites, which can be transmitted from one individual to another during sexual contact. These infections affect women as well as men and lead to chronic health consequences if they are not diagnosed in time. Objective: Describe risk factors for STIs in the population of Ecuador. Methods: Qualitative study, with a descriptive research design and descriptive scope, was carried out through a review of documents that contain the required information, including focused on the population of Ecuador. Results: Among the most common STIs, the human papillomavirus (HPV) was identified in the population of Ecuador and in other countries are syphilis, genital herpes, gonorrhea and finally chlamydia. Contagion can occur by having direct contact with an infected secretion, such as semen, blood or female fluids, that is, vaginal fluids. Several STIs can coexist in the same individual due to the sharing of some transmission mechanisms. Those infections that lead to ulcers or inflammation in the genitourinary tract can favor the transmission of others, such as HIV or the hepatitis C virus. Conclusions: It is relevant to note that the infection figures vary depending on the country and region, the Studies frequently focus on key populations, such as adolescents, young people, pregnant women, homosexuals, and sex workers.Item COMPLICACIONES MATERNO-FETALES DE LA DIABETES GESTACIONAL(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-04) León Panoluisa, Heydi Gabriela; Fernández Nieto, Miriam IvonneIntroduction. Gestational diabetes, a metabolic disorder that occurs during pregnancy, is crucial in obstetrics because it affects the health of the mother and the fetus. Caused by high glucose levels, it is linked to poor eating habits and sedentary lifestyle. It is common in 90% of pregnant women and its early detection is vital to prevent complications. Objective. To evaluate the maternal-fetal complications of gestational diabetes. Method. The study is a retrospective review. Databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar were used, selecting studies using specific search terms and the PRISMA methodology. The inclusion criteria for the selection of documents were those that contained the terms “diabetes”, “gestational diabetes”, “complications in the pregnant woman”, “complications in fetuses” and “newborns”. Articles without language and free access restrictions, published between 2019 and 2024, were accepted. The exclusion criteria included documents in difficult to translate languages and studies that lacked relevant information. Results. Studies indicated an increase in maternal and neonatal complications in women with gestational diabetes, highlighting the prevalence of fetal macrosomia and type 2 diabetes. Obesity, maternal age > 30 years, history of diabetes are important risk factors. Conclusions. Gestational diabetes manifests more in the second trimester, requiring early detection and intervention. It was found that it is associated with fetal complications such as macrosomia, hypoglycemia and obesity, highlighting the importance of adequate follow-up and management.Item Factores de riesgo para el consumo de drogas en adolescentes(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-10-12) Marcial Tisalema, Jennifer Soraya; Guarate Coronado, Yeisy CoronadoThe use of psychotropic substances represents a public health problem that affects more than 269 million people worldwide, with a higher incidence among adolescents, consideredthe most vulnerable group. The objective of this study is to determine the risk factors for drug use among adolescents in an educational unit in Ambato, Ecuador. This is a quantitative, descriptive, field and cross-sectional study. The population consisted of 514 students between 15 and 17 years of age from an educational unit, with a sample of 347 students. The instrument used was the risk factor survey applicable to adolescents at the secondary level. Consent and assent were requested from the participants after informing them of the objectives of the study. The results showed that 306 adolescents consumed drugs, 73.2% of whom were between 16 and 17 years of age, 51.6% were female, 74.2% lived with both parents, 78.8% of the students reported a regular relationship at home, 85.6% maintained an average level of communication with their parents and 77.1% of the students who consumed drugs said they were aware of the subject. However, 85.9% do not consider tobacco and alcohol as drugs and 37.9% admit to having consumed by choice. A relationship was found between the variables sex and knowledge about drugs and drug use in adolescents. Finally, the high level of lack of knowledge about drugs influenced drug use.Item Factores de riesgo para la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en ecuador(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2021-03-01) Soraya Paola, Cevallos Jácome; Quishpe Jara, Graciela de las Mercedes Lcda. Mg.The Human Immunodeficiency Virus has caused significant negative impacts on health due to its high morbidity and mortality; for this reason, identifying the risk factors for HIV in Ecuador helps to create effective prevention strategies with the aim of promoting responsible behavior in the population. A documentary, descriptive, narrative research was carried out with a bibliographic design in which information was collected from secondary sources that have been published in the last 5 years. The literature consulted shows that risk factors can be biological, psychosocial, environmental and educational, with the most common being the onset of an early sexual life, multiple sexual partners, anal and vaginal intercourse without a condom, using and sharing sexual objects , oral sex, drug use, which leads to inappropriate and irresponsible behavior in the population.Item “Nivel de conocimientos sobre factores de riesgo que causan las infecciones de trasmision sexual en los adolescentes de 15 a 19 años de la unidad educativa los andes del canton Pillaro en el periodo septiembre 2019-julio 2020”(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2020-03-01) Mena Barrionuevo, Eveling Victoria; Rea Hinojosa, Tania Alexandra Lcda. MgSexually transmitted infections are part of a strong public health problem especially in the adolescence stage because young people begin their sexual life early and with behaviors that put their sexual and reproductive health at risk. As a general objective we have to determine the level of knowledge of risk factors that cause sexually transmitted infections in adolescents aged 15 to 19 years of the Los Andes Educational Unit of the Pillaro Canton in the period September 2019-July 2020. The methodology used in This project was quantitative with a mixed descriptive method. The sample consisted of 119 students of the Educational Unit "Los Andes" where a questionnaire was used as survey instruments. Of the 100% of the students surveyed, 61% have a low level of knowledge about STIs, as well as their risk factors, forms of infection and prevention methods; with information obtained through teachers, parents and friends.Item “Programa educativo sobre toxoplasmosis en embarazadas que asisten al centro de salud de la parroquia rural once de noviembre, ciudad de Latacunga, provincia de Cotopaxi”.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Enfermería, 2019-10-01) Pacheco Moreno, Jéssica Johana; Fernández Nieto, Miriam Ivonne Lic. Mg.This research work considers as a point of origin for the information taking the Eleven Of November Health Center in the city of Latacunga, where a series of analyses was developed in relation to the subject under study: "EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM ON TOXOPLASMOSIS IN EMBARAZADAS THAT ATTEND THE HEALTH CENTER OF THE ONCE RURAL PARROQUIA, LATACUNGA CITY, COTOPAXI PROVINCE". A quantitative, descriptive retrospective research study was conducted with the aim of determining Toxoplasmosis in pregnant women who attended care at the Once of November Cotopaxi- Latacunga Rural Health Center. We worked with a population made up of 25 pregnant women from the Rural Health Center type A, the information obtained through a survey, obtained in semi-perferated clinical histories of the health center, for statistical analysis the registry was used of the conditions of each woman who complied with prenatal control, and then implemented an educational program collecting the data during the period March - August 2019. It was concluded that the leading cause of neonatal death is toxoplasmosis in pregnancy when not treated in time. Thus it was also observed that the average age of gestational women is 21 to 30 years with 44%, followed 15 to 20 years with 20% where the study conducted by INEC indicates that more adolescents are 10 to 19 are the most frequently pregnant and as a result indicate that pregnant women had toxoplasmosis before becoming pregnant, this is demonstrated by the IGG analysis which is a serological test of negative count.Item “Factores que inciden en el abandono al tratamiento en pacientes hipertensos que acuden al centro de salud tipo “a” de Mulliquindil Santa Ana del Cantón Salcedo”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Enfermería, 2018-10-01) Pilataxi Navarrete, Rocío Paulina; Andrade Coronel Lcda. M.sg., Neida del RocíoHigh blood pressure and non-adherence to therapy are a serious problem for both the patient and the health system and the state in general; in the Santa Ana parish of the Cantón Salcedo it is evident the growing population of hypertensive patients in recent years, which is why it is important to identify hypertensive patients and the influencing factors in the abandonment of antihypertensive treatment in these patients. The present is a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive and field study in which two data collection instruments were applied, the first one "Abandonment of antihypertensive treatment" to identify abandonment of antihypertensive treatment and the second "Instrument to evaluate the factors that influence in the adherence to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments in patients with risk factors for cardiovascular disease "for which we worked with a sample of 120 hypertensive patients. The results showed that 100% of the sample partially abandoned the antihypertensive treatment taking into account that the therapy includes pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, that is, a large part of the hypertensive population does not modify their lifestyles, specifically to adopt a healthy diet and the realization of physical activity. In the same way, several factors affect such abandonment as socioeconomic factors, with income that does not allow them to access the diet and the indicated pharmacological treatment.