Maestría en Laboratorio Clínico Mención Microbiología Clínica

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CARACTERIZACIÓN DE BACTERIAS PREDOMINANTES CAUSANTES DE SEPSIS EN PACIENTES DE UCI EN EL HOSPITAL GENERAL LATACUNGA
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados, 2024-10-28) Vizcaino Borja, Poulette Virginia; González Romero, Ana Carolina
Characterization of the causative agents of sepsis will provide valuable information on infection rates, epidemiology, and resistance patterns at the local level, which will help improve sepsis management in the hospital and its setting. In order to characterize the bacteria most frequently associated with sepsis in patients hospitalized in the ICU of the Latacunga General Hospital during the period from November 2023 to April 2024, this study used a type of descriptive, correlational observational research with a nonexperimental design and quantitative approach, during the study period in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the Latacunga General Hospital, where the predominant bacteria in cases of sepsis were identified with a significant prevalence of Escherichia coli highlighting the need for specific treatment strategies and targeted preventive measures, in addition, the analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility profiles revealed that a substantial percentage of these bacteria were resistant to several antibiotics such as Broad Spectrum Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, which underscores the urgency of more prudent antimicrobial use policies, in terms of the evaluation of risk factors associated with previous use of antibiotics, sex, age, and specific comorbidities of a patient. A comprehensive approach that considers not only microbiological characteristics but also the clinical history of patients, as a direct consequence of these findings, recommendations have been established for the implementation of antibiotic use protocols, infection prevention strategies and antimicrobial resistance control measures. Concluding with the effective application of these recommendations has the potential to significantly improve clinical management and reduce the incidence of sepsis in this specific hospital environment, where they highlighted that the predominant bacteria in sepsis cases accounted for approximately 60% of the infections identified.
Malassezia asociada a la dermatitis seborreica en los vendedores del Centro Comercial la Condamine en la ciudad de Riobamba
(2025-04-09) González Polo, Sandra Isabel; González Romero, Ana Carolina; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados
Seborrheic Dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with the proliferation of the fungus Malassezia sp. and various environmental and anthropogenic factors. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the presence of Malassezia sp. and seborrheic dermatitis in vendors at the La Condamine Shopping Center in the city of Riobamba. A descriptive, cross-sectional, and observational study was conducted with a sample of 72 workers from the shopping center. The samples were processed at the GISOCH research laboratory, part of the Faculty of Sciences at the Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, using conventional microbiological methods. To identify Malassezia sp. in the participants' scalps, techniques such as fresh preparation with 20% KOH and culture in Sabouraud medium were employed. The results indicated that 8.33% of the participants showed positive growth of Malassezia sp., accompanied by clinical signs of seborrheic dermatitis, such as pruritus, scaling, yellowish crusts, and scalp redness. In contrast, 91.67% showed no clinical or microbiological evidence of infection. The main factors associated with seborrheic dermatitis were prolonged use of hats, high thermal sensation in the work environment, excess scalp oil, and stress, with the latter being a key factor in disease exacerbation. Additionally, a higher prevalence was observed in the 41 to 60-year-old age group. As part of the study, a training session was conducted, and a manual with recommendations for seborrheic dermatitis prevention and scalp care was provided, emphasizing the importance of personal hygiene, stress reduction, and the use of dermatological products. It is suggested that molecular studies be conducted for the specific identification of Malassezia species, a more in-depth analysis of the cutaneous dermobiota, and the implementation of continuous education programs led by the GAD Municipal of Riobamba to strengthen the prevention of skin diseases in workers exposed to predisposing factors.