Carrera Ingeniería en Alimentos
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Item Análisis de los posibles cambios en los hábitos de alimentación en niños de edad escolar de la provincia de Tungurahua a causa de la pandemia por Covid-19(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2024-02) Chalán Yanzapanta, Jairo Marcelo; Hernández Navarro, YoelThe Covid-19 pandemic has generated uncertainty worldwide, radically changing human daily life with the implementation of different contingency measures that prevented the rapid expansion of the virus. Isolation, social restriction, modification of daily routines, accessibility to food, among others, caused changes in the eating habits of highly vulnerable population groups such as schoolchildren. Regarding the collection of information to identify the changes caused in the eating habits of the study group, it was decided to design and apply a semi-structured questionnaire online using the free Google Forms software, due to the Covid-19 health emergency. In addition, the instrument was validated using Cronbach's Alpha method and the sample size was defined using statistical calculations. The results achieved show that the current eating habits of the study population do not maintain a balanced and balanced diet that meets the nutritional requirements of the body, since according to the HEI the population is classified into the following categories: 25.92 per percent with healthy eating, 70.42 percent with regular eating and 3.66 percent with unhealthy eating, the latter being the ones who need immediate changes in their food intake. In conclusion, it was observed that the virus brought with it a number of consequences that affected eating behaviors and lifestyles, mainly caused by the availability of economic resources and the accessibility of food.Item Diseño de un Manual de Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura para la Agroindustria San José ubicada en la Parroquia Antonio José de Holguín(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2023-09) Jácome Cunalata, Luis Miguel; Vargas López, José HomeroA Good Manufacturing Practices Manual was designed for the San José Agroindustry, located in the parish Antonio José de Holguín, Canton Salcedo, Province of Cotopaxi, dedicated to the processing and marketing of meat products, with the purpose of implementing in the future with the necessary economic resources to obtain the GMP Certification by Resolution 067 2015 GGG of the National Agency of Regulation, Control and Sanitary Surveillance (ARCSA). Through, this legal basis, the initial situation of Agroindustry San José was diagnosed by a checklist granted by the ARCSA, Ministry of Public Health and the General Principles of Food Hygiene of the Codex Alimentarius, which has 178 items and 5 levels of evaluation, as a result, As a result, there was 51 percent critical noncompliance, 28 percent compliance, 10 percent of parameters that do not apply to the Agroindustry because of its Artisanal category, 7 percent of major noncompliance and, finally, 5 percent of minor noncompliance in its meat by-product processes. The problems were identified by means of a checklist and then a stratified analysis, and subsequently an Improvement Plan was drawn up based on the Deming Cycle together with an analysis of the costs proposed for the agroindustry. Therefore, the result of this process was the development of Standard Operating Procedures and Sanitation Procedures, which are key elements in food safety and innocuousness for the welfare of society.Item Efecto de la participación de la agricultura familiar y campesina en la producción de alimentos para la seguridad alimentaria en la Provincia de Tungurahua en los cantones Píllaro, Mocha y Tisaleo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2023-09) Vargas Ipaz, Paola Elizabeth; Franco Crespo, Christian DavidFamily farming is important throughout Ecuador because it is the main source of work and food for the entire population. However, food production must be planned in order to avoid excess and, as a consequence, overproduction, thus endangering food security. The methodology used in this work includes a mathematical model to determine the production zones in the cantons of Píllaro, Mocha and Tisaleo. For this, we used the GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System) software, which is designed to solve problems of linear and nonlinear systems, as well as the use of SPSS Statistics, which allows us to perform statistical analysis and descriptions, among others. The data obtained from the surveys of 244 farming families in the three cantons and the collection of data on the main crops through MAGAP helped us determine the production and yield of the most harvested crops in each canton. Therefore, the results obtained indicate that the current agricultural production guarantees the availability of food throughout the year, ensuring that all people have access at all times, thus guaranteeing food security for the entire population.Item Efecto de la participación de la agricultura familiar y campesina en la producción de alimentos para la seguridad alimentaria en la Provincia de Tungurahua en los cantones Píllaro, Mocha y Tisaleo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2023-09) Soria Valle, Dayana Victoria; Franco Crespo, Christian DavidFamily farming is important throughout Ecuador because it is the main source of work and food for the entire population. However, food production must be planned in order to avoid excess and, as a consequence, overproduction, thus endangering food security. The methodology used in this work includes a mathematical model to determine the production zones in the cantons of Píllaro, Mocha and Tisaleo. For this, we used the GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System) software, which is designed to solve problems of linear and nonlinear systems, as well as the use of SPSS Statistics, which allows us to perform statistical analysis and descriptions, among others. The data obtained from the surveys of 244 farming families in the three cantons and the collection of data on the main crops through MAGAP helped us determine the production and yield of the most harvested crops in each canton. Therefore, the results obtained indicate that the current agricultural production guarantees the availability of food throughout the year, ensuring that all people have access at all times, thus guaranteeing food security for the entire population.Item Elaboración de un manual de Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura (BPM), para la planta de faenamiento de cuyes Corporación de Unidades Productivas de Tisaleo – CUPROTISA ubicada en el cantón Tisaleo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2023-09) Silva Molina, Carol Solansh; Cadena Carrera, Santiago EsmiroThe purpose of this degree work is to guide the guinea pig slaughtering plant belonging to the Corporación de Unidades Productivas de Tisaleo - CUPROTISA located in the Tisaleo canton, by means of a Good Manufacturing Practices Manual (GMP), to obtain a safer meat. We started by diagnosing the initial situation of the slaughtering plant, for which a checklist was created based on resolution DAJ-20141AL-0201. 0092 Guinea pig slaughtering guide, which was essential for obtaining the plant's initial GMP compliance percentage. This analysis showed that the plant complied with only 44 percent of the GMP requirements; by applying a corrective action plan, this percentage was raised to 85 percent, which enabled the guinea pig slaughtering plant to obtain the MABIO certificate granted by Agrocalidad. The Manual was developed together with the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) and Standard Sanitation Operating Procedures (SSOP), which were prepared based on the needs of the plant with resolution DAJ-20141AL-0201.0092 Guinea pig slaughtering guide and considered the requirements of Good Manufacturing Practices, established in the sanitary technical regulation ARCSA-DE-067-2015. Through the implementation of the procedures, the slaughter plant complied with most of the GMP requirements, which will allow this establishment to obtain safe and good quality meat.Item Elaboración de un manual de Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura (BPM) para la empresa de lácteos El Conquistador ubicada en Ecuador, provincia Cotopaxi, ciudad Salcedo -Yambo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2023-09) Camalle Cando, Julio Patricio; Cadena Carrera, Santiago EsmiroGood Manufacturing Practices (BPM) are directly associated with food safety, and focus on all production operations in the plant, this to maintain control over the preparation of food, which must be safe, healthy, and safe for the consumer. The objective of this project is to contribute to the improvement of the quality and safety of the products produced by the dairy company El Conquistador. It began by evaluating the current situation of the company through an internal on-site audit and a checklist based on the technical health regulations ARCSA-DE-067-2015. This analysis yielded an initial compliance percentage of 62 percent to the BPM requirements demanded by the standard. The results reveal the non-conformities found within each of the sections of the company, these are: GMP facilities and requirements, equipment and utensils, personnel obligations, raw materials and supplies, production operations, packaging, labeling and packaging, storage, distribution, transportation and marketing and quality assurance. After resolving most of the non-conformities found within the plant, the percentage of compliance rose to 87 percent. Finally, a BPM manual was prepared, which includes the Standard Operating Procedures (POE) and the Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures (POES), these procedures were carried out based on the needs of the plant and under the requirements demanded by the standard.Item Análisis de los efectos en la disponibilidad de alimentos, mediante indicadores de seguridad alimentaria y la percepción de cambio climático de los agricultores de Mocha, Tisaleo y Píllaro(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2022-09) Iglesias Sánchez, Ximena Katherine; Franco Crespo, Christian DavidFood security is a field of study that every day is part of the agendas of governments as part of meeting the food demands of the population. Likewise, it has been studied to understand the dimensions in which social welfare is fulfilled. However, one of the main causes that has caused negative indices of food security is climate change. However, in Ecuador there is no research that analyzes these effects in each area, creating uncertainty and concern due to the lack of information for an analysis of future consequences. That is why the purpose of this work seeks to analyze the perception of climate change of the producers of the Mocha, Tisaleo and Píllaro cantons and the effects on food availability. To determine these effects, availability indicators were used, related to the scenarios of climatic variation RCP 4.5 and 8.5, which were determined by the perception of the producers through an interview and later the data were processed statistically, giving us results of the possible consequences. In the future of climatic variation, the ELCSA instrument is finally applied and with the RASCH analysis to determine the availability and access to food. It is concluded that climate change drastically affected the producers of Mocha, Píllaro and Tisaleo, therefore, the food security of the producers and their families is in danger, affecting the first link of social welfare.Item Análisis comparativo de tres herramientas de caracterización e identificación (HPLC, AA e IR) de compuestos en productos lácteos, sus principales usos y aplicaciones para el control de calidad. Una revisión básica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2022-09) Hernández Castro, Sofía Carolina; Morales Acosta, Dayana CristinaIt is common to use testing techniques to ensure the development of safe foods. Chemical analyzes in dairy products and their derivatives are useful to establish and maintain the quality of foods and to guarantee their safety. For this reason, the main objective of this study was to analyze the applications and general uses of the tools for the characterization and identification of organic compounds in food, emphasizing their contribution to food safety. The tools analyzed during the development of the work were: Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), High-Definition Chromatography (HPLC) and Atomic Absorption (AA). The literature review methodology used compiles information from various sources on the subject, to argue the importance of using these techniques in the dairy industry. The results assert that infrared spectroscopy has a wide application in the measurement of the effectiveness in industrial processes of product quality control. At the same time, they affirm that high resolution liquid chromatography is one of the most used methods in the dairy industry for the quantification of components and the quality control of milk as raw material, as well as the evaluation of safety and quality. nutritional value of its derivatives; without ruling out infrared chromatography as a useful tool to analyze the chemical composition (macronutrients) of dairy products and, finally, they suggest Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy as the best tool in the determination of heavy metals.Item Caracterización de bacterias y testeo de métodos de desinfección de botellones de agua de la planta Fuente San Felipe S.A. ubicada en el cantón Latacunga provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2022-09) Bonilla Vizuete, Jeniffer Stefania; Pérez Salinas, Ruth NarcisaThe problem of bottled water quality is acute throughout the world, and it has been addressed with water testing that ensures accurate and timely results. Bottled water manufacturers are tasked with testing larger volumes of samples, even dealing with unexpected emergencies, while adhering to more stringent local regulations. The use of returnable bottles has determined that there are contaminants due to improper handling of the containers, exposure to the environment and wear of the bottle materials. This study focused on establishing the microbial load, identifying the microorganisms involved and proposing continuous improvement protocols to ensure the food safety of bottled water from the Fuente San Felipe S.A. plant. Evidence of bacterial contamination was found in the returnable bottles. The presence of aerobic mesophiles was determined, which are indicators of contamination due to exposure to the environment, total coliforms, without finding evidence of fecal contamination and the critical microorganism found to establish the quality of water was Pseudomonas stutzeri. The disinfection protocol was adjusted to eliminate this microorganism with the use of hydrogen peroxide in concentrations of up to 3 percent and applications of up to 15 minutes of contact in the bottles, the latter being considered the best treatment. In order to ensure the quality of the final product, a food quality and safety management system is proposed, based on measurement, analysis and improvement of the disinfection and packaging processes.Item Evaluación del riesgo potencial por el consumo de yuca (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) a causa de la bioacumulación de metales pesados provenientes del suelo y agua en la parroquia Dayuma(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2022-03) Vera Chica, Verónica Valeria; Cerda Mejía, Liliana AlexandraThis project was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the risks associated with the consumption of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) contaminated by heavy metals present in the soil and water in Dayuma Parish. In this research, atomic absorption spectrophotometry analysis was performed to quantify the concentration of heavy metals where values 0.500 mg per Kg in arsenic, 1.17 mg per Kg cadmium and 25.00 mg per Kg lead were obtained in both soil and cassava, thus reflecting a great absorption capacity in this tuber. These concentrations exceeded the limits established by the FAO with maximum allowable concentrations for roots and tubers of 0.02 mg per Kg in arsenic and 0.1 mg per Kg in both cadmium and lead; thus reflecting a potential risk, since these toxics cause serious problems in the health of the consumer, which was evidenced by face-to-face surveys conducted on the Quechua population of the Nueva Frontera community who affirmed that oil activities are a public health problem. Through bibliographic and laboratory analysis, the serious situation in which this population is found was evidenced, for which an adequate soil remediation plan is suggested in which the cassava used for this treatment is correctly eliminated since it is not consumable.