Maestría en Laboratorio Clínico

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    Identificación de agentes patógenos causantes de infecciones en vías urinarias en mujeres embarazadas con patrones de resistencia antimicrobiana.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrado, 2022-09-01) Espinoza Vargas, Yadira Lizbeth; Paredes Páliz, Karina Inés, Lcda. PhD.
    Urinary tract infection is usually caused by bacteria that can damage the urethra and bladder, or spread to the ureters and kidneys. The anatomical and functional changes that occur during pregnancy increase the predisposition to urinary tract infections. Bacteria, due to their tremendous capacity to adapt, can develop mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics that were initially vulnerable, this can cause an increase in complications in pregnancy that significantly affects the mother and the fetus. The present research work with the theme "Identification of pathogenic agents that cause urinary tract infections in pregnant women with antimicrobial resistance patterns"; whose main objective is to evaluate antimicrobial resistance in urine cultures of pregnant women who attend the clinical laboratory of the Sangolquí Basic Hospital, during the period October 2020 to February 2021. It is a retrospective quasi-experimental study of 60 pregnant women with positive urine cultures, where the causative agent was identified as Escherichia coli bacteria (72%) followed by 11 Staphylococcus auerus (8%) and Klebsiella aerogenes (5%). Regarding the antimicrobial resistance profiles expressed in percentage of resistance for E.coli, they were Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, Ampicillin, Ampicillin/Sulbactan present 100% resistance; together with Proteus vulgaris and Proteus mirabilis represented by 50%. Regarding the sensitivity profiles of E. coli, it is Cefazolin (89.7%), Nitrofurantoin (67.5%), Cephalexin (63.2%) and finally Fosfomycin (42.1%), with antimicrobial sensitivity belonging to the group of Enterobacteriaceae. Among the Grand positives, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated, where Penicillin, Oxacillin and Erythromycin represent 100% antimicrobial resistance. The recommended treatment for first-line empirical treatment is Cefazolin, Nitrofurantoin, Cephalexin and Cefuroxime as second-line applied to pregnant women. With this information, it is proposed to make a microbiological chart for the treatment of urinary tract infection in the study area. The results support the importance of local monitoring of the microorganisms involved in urinary tract infections, being essential for the success of the treatment to select properly antibiotic therapy according to antimicrobial sensitivity profiles, which can vary regionally, even between different hospital services, allowing to guide actions in health and epidemiological surveillance.