Ciencias de la Salud
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Item EFECTO DEL EJERCICIO AEROBICO COMBINADO CON FUERZA EN PACIENTES POST BARIATRICOS(2025-02-27) Pintado Zúñiga, Christian Sebastián; Cantuña, Vallejo Paul Fernando; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de FisioterapiaBariatric surgery is an intervention with the purpose of reducing stomach capacity and limiting food intake in obese people with (BMI ≥ 40 or BMI ≥ 35); taking into account that obesity has become one of the most relevant diseases in the world, which is why obesity is known as the pandemic of the 21st century. This research project was carried out with the purpose of analyzing the effect of exercise aerobic combined with strength in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. The methodology of the study was a nonexperimental, cross-sectional and correlational design with a qualitative-quantitative approach. Two evaluations were used, the Cooper test to evaluate aerobic capacity, and the muscle strength test using the lower limb bench press. These evaluations were applied to 31 patient patients who have undergone surgery for a Gastric Sleeve or Gastric Bypass at Obesity Hospital in the city of Píllaro. Among the results obtained, it was observed that the results of the aerobic exercise program combined with strength exercises obtained positive benefits in the treated patients, thus achieving an improvement in aerobic capacity, an increase in muscle strength and a decrease in the index of body mass (BMI). It is concluded that this research project obtained positive results for people after bariatric surgery.Item ALTERACIONES EN EL PERFIL LIPÍDICO Y TRANSAMINASAS SÉRICAS EN EL PRONÓSTICO DE ENFERMEDAD DE HÍGADO GRASO NO ALCOHÓLICO EN EL PERSONAL DEL GADM PÍLLARO(2025-02-25) Alvarez Chasi, Katherine Janeth; Galárraga Pérez, Edison Arturo; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio ClínicoNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent condition in individuals with overweight, obesity, and metabolic disorders, which can progress to advanced stages of liver damage, including steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between lipid profile, serum transaminases, and factors such as age, sex, dietary habits, and body mass index (BMI) in the staff of GADM Píllaro. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 68 participants, collecting anthropometric (weight, height, BMI) and biochemical (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, AST, and ALT) data. Statistical analyses included Chi-Square tests and Pearson and Spearman correlations, identifying significant associations between age and AST and ALT levels. The results revealed that 94.12% of the samples analyzed showed at least one alteration in the six biochemical parameters studied. Furthermore, 38.23% of the participants were at high risk of developing NAFLD, associated with multiple metabolic alterations and unfavorable conditions such as overweight, obesity, physical inactivity, and unhealthy dietary habits. In the lipid profile, the most frequently altered parameters were total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL. Additionally, an increase in serum transaminase levels was observed, suggesting possible hepatic impairment related to adverse metabolic and anthropometric factors.Item DETERMINACIÓN DE LA COMPOSICIÓN CORPORAL EN DEPORTISTAS DE ALTO RENDIMIENTO DE LA CIUDAD DE AMBATO(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-27) Lascano López, Elsie Germania; Galarza Esparza, William BayardoThe purpose of this research was to analyze the body composition of high performance athletes and compare it with a control group, and we were able to determine that the BMI is not an adequate indicator to evaluate an athlete due to the alterations that he/she has according to weight and the amount of muscle mass. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study with a sample of 38 athletes between 19 and 30 years of age, 14 of high performance, 13 men and 1 woman and 24 of control group, all men, in which through a bioimpedance study allowed us to compare their percentage of fat mass and muscle mass in relation to their weight according to the time and type of training and if there is a relationship between both groups, The results were obtained through a Chi-square statistical test to be able to cross variables, where there is no relationship between the control group and the high performance group based on their BMI and muscle mass. However, in the percentages of fat mass, there was little significant difference in relation to the high performance athletes and the control group since both were between normal and high ranges. With respect to hydration, it was found that high performance athletes have better total body water levels due to their muscle percentage, their water levels are more stable compared to the control group, therefore, it was determined that the BMI should not be used to evaluate a high performance athlete because most of them will be overweight and even obese due to their musculature.Item FACTORES DE RIESGO DE LA RESISTENCIA A LA INSULINA EN PACIENTES DE 45 A 65 AÑOS DE LA PARROQUIA DE MULLIQUINDIL(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-08-05) Jiménez Silva, Doménica Yajaira; Pérez Laborde, Elena JohannaInsulin resistance (IR) has become one of the most frequent problems in adults. It is a metabolic disorder where the action of insulin, a hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas, lacks a biological response in the peripheral tissues. Several genetic, environmental, socioeconomic, cultural, hormonal and physiological factors are related to the development of this metabolic alteration. The objective of this research was to establish the risk factors for insulin resistance in inhabitants of the Parish of Mulliquindil, period 2024 -2025. The study adopted a descriptive, cross-sectional, observational and retrospective approach. The sample was selected through non-probabilistic sampling, using inclusion and exclusion criteria, where 90 participants between 45 and 65 years old from the Parish of Mulliquindil were included. Risk factors were evaluated using the FINDRISC Test, while IR was determined using the HOMA IR and QUICKI indexes. Laboratory parameters such as glucose and insulin were analyzed through techniques such as: spectrophotometry and Chemiluminescence Immunoassay System (CLIA), respectively. For data analysis, statistical tests such as Chi square for dichotomous variables and Rho Spearman for categorical ordinal qualitative variables were included. The study showed that of the total sample (n=90), 68.90% (n=62) presented insulin resistance, of which 72.7% (n=32) were male and 65 .2% (n=30) to the female gender. Regarding risk factors, it was shown that age, frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption, hypertension, and family history with diabetes are factors that are not associated with the development of IR in this population (p>0. 05). However, physical inactivity, abdominal adiposity, obesity and overweight do present a dependent association with the presence of IR (p<0.05). Therefore, it was concluded that the risk factors that predispose to the development of insulin resistance in inhabitants between 45 and 65 years of age in the Parish of Mulliquindil are mainly physical inactivity, overweight, obesity and abdominal adiposity.Item Infecciones parasitarias intestinales en niños de 5 a 9 años en la parroquia Juan Montalvo del cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-09-21) Ojeda Contreras, Alicia Marcela; Pacha Jara, Ana GabrielaParasites worldwide are the cause of infections in humans, especially in school-age infants, mainly affecting areas where there is too much poverty, in developing countries. The main parasites that inhabit the environment are protozoa and helminths, causing infections in humans. The factors that can influence the contagion of parasites can be; ingesting contaminated water, consuming food without being washed previously, not washing hands after leaving the bathroom. The transmission of parasites is through the fecal-oral route. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitism and the relationship with hemoglobin and BMI, of 70 children aged 5-9 years from the Montalvo parish of the Ambato canton, 70 blood and feces samples were analyzed, the blood samples were to determine the hemoglobin levels through a complete blood count, and the feces samples to identify parasites through a coproparasitic test and with the Faust flotation or Sulfate technique. Zinc.33.3%,. Through a survey of parents or guardians, information was collected about the socioeconomic conditions in which they live in their homes, in the same way the anthropometric data of the children was obtained to evaluate the conditions in which they were before the study. It was determined that of the total population studied, 44.3% were male, 55.7% were female, within the population it was found that 77% were parasitized, and 23% were not parasitized, among the parasitized children 85.5% had monoparasitosis, 18.5% polyparasitosis: 68.5% have commensal parasites, 66.7% have pathogenic parasites; protozoa represent 27.7%. The parasites found in the study were: Blastocystis sp. 28.8% Entamoeba coli cyst 16.4%, Endolimax nana cyst 31.5%, Entamoeba complex cyst 19.2%, Chilomastix mesnili cyst 2.7%, Iodamoeba butschlii cyst 1.4%. The results obtained in this study also determine that 17.6% have low hemoglobin, 38.2% have hemoglobin at normal levels, and 47.1% of the population have high hemoglobin. In the same way, it is determined that 62.9% of the population has a normal BMI, while 12.9% are underweight and 24.3% are overweight.Item Infecciones parasitarias intestinales en niños de 5 a 9 años en la parroquia Ambatillo del cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-09-21) Macias Chipre, Angie Lissette; Vilcacundo Córdova, Mario FernandoInfections caused by intestinal parasitosis have a high prevalence rate worldwide, especially in Latin America, focusing on the first years of a child's life and school age, in areas where poverty abounds and lack of basic services and information on how parasitosis acts on a child. The objective of this research project was to determine whether there is a relationship between parasitosis, hemoglobin values as well as body mass index in children between 5 and 7 years of age in Ambatillo parish, canton Ambato. To carry out this project, 70 blood samples were taken to determine hemoglobin values, and 70 stool samples were taken to carry out a copro-parasite examination using the Faust technique. It was established that of the 70 children, 81.4% are parasitized, that is, (57) children of which 64, 9% are mono-parasitized samples, and 35.1% are poly-parasitized samples. The parasite that most predominated in these samples was Blastocystis sp. in 48.2%; followed by Entamoeba coli cyst in 27.7% and Endolimax nana in 15.7%. Regarding the BMI, 90% of normal weight and 4.2% low weight, through the evaluation of Hemoglobin normal values were evidenced representing 67.1% and 24.3% low values of hemoglobin, it should be noted that a survey was carried out in which certain risk factors where similarity with other investigations is found, finally it is determined that there is no relationship between Parasitosis, low hemoglobin levels and low BMI (malnutrition).