Ciencias de la Salud
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Item TETANALGESIA EN LA PREVENCIÓN DE TÉCNICAS DOLOROSAS DEL RECIÉN NACIDO(2025-06-17) Morales Tipan, Germán David; Cusme Torres, Nadihezka Amanda; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Tethanalgesia is a recommended technique to provide the neonate breastfeeding in order to reduce pain in the face of painful procedures. Objective: Critically analyze existing scientific literature to evaluate the effectiveness of tethanalgesia in the prevention of pain associated with medical techniques in neonates. Methodology: A systematic review of updated studies was carried out that address the application of tethanalgesia in neonatal medical procedures where the effectiveness of tethanalgesia was evaluated in the reduction of pain in newborns in painful processes and the benefits of tethanalgesia in the Pain reduction in newborns in painful processes. Results: After the analysis, 14 articles were selected for this review where it was found that tethanalgesia is an effective method to prevent pain in newborns against painful techniques in 85% of the studies reviewed. The most frequent painful technique where tethanalgesia is used is blood sampling, followed by vaccines. The main benefits of the use of tethanalgesia in the face of painful techniques are the reduction of pain and crying time. Conclusion: Tetanalgesia is an effective method to reduce pain in neonates that are subjected to painful medical procedures due to their easy application and without side effects or risks.Item PREVENCIÓN DE LA DESNUTRICIÓN INFANTILY EDUCACIÓN SOBRE LOS HÁBITOS ALIMENTICIOS EN LAS MADRES(2025-06-17) Juela Tiban, Erika Vanessa; Chileno Camacho, Luis Felipe; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaChildhood malnutrition remains a significant public health problem, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This systematic review examines the prevention of childhood malnutrition and education on maternal dietary habits. Objective: To analyze the available literature on interventions to prevent childhood chronic malnutrition, with an emphasis on maternal nutritional education during pregnancy and the first years of the child's life. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted using databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Scielo, and PubMed. Review articles published between 2019 and 2024, in English and Spanish, that addressed the prevention of childhood malnutrition and maternal dietary education were included. Primary studies and publications not freely accessible were excluded. Results: Educational interventions targeting mothers are shown to have a significant impact on improving child nutritional status. However, the mere provision of knowledge is not sufficient to achieve sustainable changes. Additional barriers such as cultural beliefs, maternal workload, and food insecurity were identified. Women's empowerment and comprehensive community-based interventions emerged as key factors for improving child nutrition. Conclusion: Effective prevention of child malnutrition requires a comprehensive approach that addresses multiple determinants, including social and economic aspects. Maternal nutrition education is crucial, but must be accompanied by strategies that overcome practical and cultural barriers. More high-quality research is needed to assess the long-term effectiveness of interventions and guide the development of evidence-based policies.Item LA INFLUENCIA EPIGENÉTICA DE LA LACTANCIA MATERNA EN LA LEUCEMIA LINFOBLÁSTICA AGUDA INFANTIL: UN ENFOQUE INNOVADOR PARA LA PREVENCIÓN DE ENFERMEDADES CRÓNICAS(2025-06-13) Fiallos Montoya, Steve Omar; Salazar Garcés, Luis Fabián; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaIntroduction: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer, with an etiology involving genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors. Breastfeeding has been proposed as an epigenetic modulator that may influence susceptibility to this disease. This study reviewed current literature on the relationship between breastfeeding and epigenetic modifications associated with ALL prevention. Method: a systematic review was conducted in biomedical databases (PubMed, BVS, Science Direct, Scopus, and Embase) for studies published between 2018 and 2024. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, cohort studies, and clinical trials examining the relationship between breastfeeding, epigenetics, and ALL were included. Studies that did not specifically address this interaction were excluded. Results: ten relevant studies were identified, showing that breastfeeding influences epigenetic regulation through microRNA modulation, DNA methylation, and immunomodulatory factors. These mechanisms may reduce ALL susceptibility by enhancing immune response and modifying gene expression in hematopoietic cells. However, methodological heterogeneity limits the standardization of findings. Conclusions: evidence suggests that breastfeeding plays a key role in the epigenetic prevention of ALL. However, longitudinal studies are needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and their longterm clinical impact.Item INTERVENCIONES DE ENFERMERIA EN ALIMENTACIÓN NEONATAL(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-03) Paredes Lozada, Johana Paulina; Cusme Torres, Nadihezka AmandaThis research focuses on neonatal feeding, recognizing the relevance of nursing professionals in this context to ensure adequate and timely nutritional support for these small patients. The research problem addressed focuses on the need for a thorough understanding of optimal feeding practices in neonatology, modalities such as enteral, parenteral and breastfeeding are considered. Physiological immaturity and susceptibility to various disorders mean that neonates face specific feeding challenges. The main objective is to perform a comprehensive systematic review of the available scientific literature in order to analyze and synthesize the current evidence. Based on the above, the aim is to provide guidance and evidence-based recommendations to improve the quality of nutritional care provided to neonates. The methodology used is qualitative, applying the PICO model to structure the research question. An exhaustive search was carried out in key electronic databases, using relevant terms and descriptors. The main results reveal the importance of personalized nursing care, adapted to the individual needs of each neonate. Breastfeeding is highlighted as a fundamental option, but the relevance of other modalities to address various clinical situations is recognized.Item LACTANCIA MATERNA EN EL CRECIMIENTO Y DESARROLLO DE LA PRIMERA INFANCIA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-25) Teneda Villalba, María José; Cruz Hidalgo, Pablo AndrésIntroduction: Breastfeeding is a biological feeding norm for all mammals, including human beings; it is essential to achieve the global goals of nutrition, health and survival. Objective: To identify how breastfeeding influences the growth and development of early childhood. Method: In 2023 and 2024, the search for available literature was carried out in the Pubmed, Google Schoolar, Scielo, Digitalia Hispánica, ScienceDirect, Medigraphic, Dialnet databases, the selection and subsequent analysis of information was carried out. Results: In total, 40 articles were chosen, evidencing the lack of knowledge and time as a barrier. Conclusion: It is important to identify the current nutritional reality experienced by hundreds of children and thus be able to intervene and implement nutritional education throughout the life cycle.Item ENTEROCOLITIS NECROSANTE NEONATAL: FACTORES DE RIESGO Y MEDIDAS DE PREVENCIÓN(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Muso Guagchinga, Gabriela Elizabeth; Philco Toaza, Priscila ElizabethNeonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal emergency that primarily affects premature newborns. Its pathophysiology is multifactorial and severity can be classified using the Bell staging system. A bibliographic review was carried out based on original scientific articles, metaanalysis and systematic review obtained from different databases and the results of 66 scientific articles were analyzed. It is determined that the main risk factor for NEC is prematurity, the same one that influences the other risk factors. Risk factors were classified into maternal and prenatal, perinatal and delivery, and early neonatal and postnatal risk factors. Preventive measures against NEC include breastfeeding, implementing a standardized feeding protocol, supplementing with probiotics, and restricting the use of antibiotics. Prematurity influences the development of NEC, so it is important that preventive measures are taken to avoid premature births. On the other hand, breastfeeding is the most cost-effective strategy against NEC, which is why greater suporta for breastfeeding and the installation of human milk banks is suggested.Item La lactancia materna como un indicador de la normativa ESAMyN(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-10-20) Calapiña Velva, Blanca Esthela; Paredes Garcés, Mónica GuadalupeThe Sanitary Regulations for the certification of Health Establishments of the National Health System as mother and child friendly is an implementation given in Ecuador as an adaptation of the WHO and UNICEF Child Friendly Hospital Initiative that seeks protection, support and encouragement of breastfeeding (1). Goal. Analyze the level of knowledge that health and administrative personnel have about Breastfeeding as an indicator of the ESAMYN Regulations. People/Material and Method. This research has a quantitative, quasi experimental, prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional approach (2). The research was carried out on the health and administrative staff of the Ambato General Teaching Hospital - Ecuador. The population is 258 and the sample is 155 with a confidence level of 95%. The research was carried out in three stages, the first one was to evaluate the level of knowledge, followed by the education of the ESAMyN Regulations and finally the acquired knowledge was reevaluated. The research process was carried out digitally. Results. The level of knowledge of the population (stage 1) of the ESAMyN Regulations was determined, reflecting 79,6% (n=155). The training was carried out virtually for HGDA staff (n=155) (stage 2). The level of knowledge (n=155) was reassessed (stage 3), managing to increase knowledge of the ESAMyN regulations to 94.8%. Discussion. The 155 Health members of the General Hospital who were evaluated, trained and reassessed about breastfeeding as an indicator of the ESAMyN Regulations in their first stay indicate that 79.6% do know the ESAMyN regulations, but not having been trained. The following results are obtained; the main stimulus for milk production is the child's suction, which corresponds to 25.81%, adequate nutrition corresponds to 10,97% and 7,74% responded that increased fluid intake and stimulation of the breasts and the child's sucking improves milk production, question 6 the right time to cut the umbilical cord is to wait until the cord stops beating before in 62,6%, wait at least 2 minutes in 21.9%. After the training, the health personnel increased their perception, going from 7,74% of little importance to 21.29% after the training, about moderately important, a step from 32.26% to 36.13% was evident, and about the perception of very important, a step from 46,45% to 56.13% is evident. Conclusions. The level of knowledge of the ESAMyN Regulations is low (79,6%), it rose thanks to the training (94,8%), the dissemination of the guidelines of the ESAMyN Regulations must be constant so that the HGDA staff knows the regulations in a clear and efficient way will be able to provide better quality care and warmth.Item Estrategia de prevención comunitaria de enfermedades de obesidad fundamentada en el resultado de la evaluación del consumo de fórmula infantil complementaria(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-08-01) Fiallos Brito, Edisson Javier Dr.; Mejía Ortíz, Ruth Aurelia Dra. Esp.Introduction: Childhood obesity is a growing global health problem, despite the increasing rates even in developed countries, there is still no clear treatment strategy. Social barriers are often obstacles to early diagnosis and referral for treatment, parents often do not recognize the problem until it is advanced so it is important to identify and treat children with obesity as early as possible, as well as than to identify comorbid conditions. Objective: To propose a community intervention strategy, with the purpose of creating strategic measures to avoid childhood obesity, to inform the community, especially mothers with children under 2 years of age, the importance of adequate nutrition to avoid childhood obesity. Methodology: The research was descriptive with a quantitative approach and an explanatory level, a theoretical systematization was carried out on infant nutrition based on the evaluation of the consumption of complementary infant formula, and public policies, recommendations and actions related to the nutrition and health, related to good practices of good living. Results: The exclusive feeding of breast milk (70.6%), with an average duration of 3.9 months, I started the complementary feeding of 5.2 months and the start of the complementary feeding with industrialized formulas (28.4%) followed by vegetables (27.1%) and of certain that an exclusive breastfeeding time of less than 3 months is obese almost 4 times more than children with normal weight, statistical methods were used to determine according to BMI with the time of exclusive breastfeeding and it was observed that consumption was 2 months less in those who were obese so it is imperative that health care providers identify children who are overweight and obese in order to provide counseling and treatment. The most effective prevention strategies are those that are associated with several components, and in order to be more effective they must incorporate the family and start at an early age. 10 . Conclusions: Effective interventions aimed at preventing overweight and obesity in infants Include promotion of breastfeeding, monitoring of infant growth, promotion of ideal complementary food intake, through nutritional counseling with a responsive food intake approach, provided in various settings such as the health center, activities contemplated in the designed community prevention strategy.