Ciencias de la Salud

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Start date: 2020Subject: search.filters.subject.LONGEVIDAD

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    IMPACTO DE LA DIETA MEDITERRÁNEA EN LA LONGEVIDAD: UNA REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA
    (2025-06-18) Salguero Pérez, Carmen del Pilar; Bustillos Ortiz, Diana Isabel; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
    The present study aims to evaluate the impact of the Mediterranean diet on the longevity of individuals over 65 years of age. Through a literature review, studies published between 2018 and 2023 in English and Spanish were analyzed. The search included academic databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Scielo, and Science Direct, among others. The selected articles explored the direct relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and its benefits for longevity. The results show that the Mediterranean diet, characterized by high consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables, legumes, nuts, whole grains, olive oil, and fish, is associated with healthy aging. The benefits of thisdietary pattern include reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and other chronic conditions that affect quality of life in older adults. Furthermore, the cultural context of the Mediterranean diet is highlighted, where sharing meals in a social environment contributes to emotional and mental well-being, promoting a better quality of life and increased longevity.In conclusion, the Mediterranean diet represents a sustainable and health-promoting dietary pattern that not only provides essential nutrients and antioxidant properties but also fosters overall wellbeing and satisfactory aging. These findings support the promotion of the Mediterranean diet as an effective model for improving life expectancy and quality of life among the elderly population.
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    RESTRICCIÓN CALÓRICA Y MIMÉTICOS EN EL ENVEJECIMIENTO
    (2025-06-16) Díaz Núñez Kevin Paúl; Cevallos Teneda Andrea Carolina; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
    Introduction: The aging of the global population has driven the search for strategies to prolong health and delay age-related diseases. Calorie restriction, which reduces caloric intake without malnutrition, is the most studied geroprotective dietary intervention. However, the difficulty of maintaining it has directed research toward drugs that mimic its effects, known as calorie restriction mimetics. Objective: To examine the potential of calorie restriction and its mimetics to delay aging, evaluating their impact on health and longevity, and analyzing their scientific basis and potential therapeutic applications. Methodology: A qualitative literature review based on literature on calorie restriction and its mimetics in relation to aging. Data was compiled from scientific databases such as PubMed, LILACS, and Cochrane, focusing on clinical studies from the last five years. The findings are summarized in a narrative review. Results: Calorie restriction showed significant improvements in health and longevity in experimental and human models, reducing weight, insulin levels, body temperature, and oxidative stress. It promoted autophagy by inhibiting mTOR and activating AMPK. Calorie restriction mimetics, such as metformin and rapamycin, also demonstrated anti-aging effects by modulating nutrient-sensing pathways and reducing oxidative damage, suggesting their potential as alternatives to calorie restriction. Conclusion: Calorie restriction and its mimetics have been shown to promote longevity and muscle quality by activating key metabolic pathways in the aging process. Although they act differently, they promote autophagy and antioxidant protection, suggesting the need for combined approaches to optimize their antiaging effects.