Ciencias de la Salud
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Item EFICACIA Y SEGURIDAD DEL TRATAMIENTO CON DOLUTEGRAVIR EN LA TERAPIA DEL VIRUS DE INMUNODEFICIENCIA HUMANA(2025-06-13) Salvatierra Andino, Jairo Andrés; Laguapillo Vergara, Alexandra del Rocio; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaThe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is responsible for the largest epidemic of this century, the first cases were diagnosed in the United States during the 1980s; Its advanced phase is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and is characterized by a CD4 lymphocyte count, resulting in a depressed immune system. The objective of this study is to analyze the efficacy and safety of treatment with Dolutegravir in the management of HIV, considering its adverse effects and specific clinical aspects. This is a bibliographic review of the literature updated from January 2018 to 2024 in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ScieLO databases. Dolutegravir is an inhibitor of viral integrase, a critical enzyme that catalyzes the integration of viral DNA into the genome of host cells. Blocking this enzyme prevents the virus from inserting into the DNA of human cells, which stops viral replication. This effect reduces the viral load in the body and allows the recovery and preservation of the patient's immune system. Dolutegravir has strong clinical efficacy in addition to low rates of drug resistance and minor side effects. In Conclusion Dolutegravir has shown superiority in viral suppression compared to other established treatments, making it a preferred option in the initial treatment of HIV. This medication is not only effective in achieving viral suppression, but also facilitates the restoration of the immune system, with a significant increase in the CD4+ T lymphocyte count.Item Pronóstico e índice de mortalidad en pacientes VIH positivos infectados por SARS-COV-2(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Medicina, 2022-10-13) Silva Dávalos, Mauro José; Palacios Vargas, Doris VanesaIntroduction: Currently mortality is linked to diseases caused by COVID-19, so it would be expected to show a high percentage of infections in people with HIV and therefore a high mortality, however, it has been possible to establish through of the information collected, that this population does not have lower levels of contagion, and in case of contagion its mortality rate is equal to that of the population that does not present this disease, for which it is sought to collect current data on the index of mortality and complications of HIV positive patients infected with COVID 19 to try to show if the figures are similar, lower or higher than that of the population without HIV infection. Objective: To determine the degree of severity and mortality rate of HIV patients infected by SARS-COV-2, studying the current scientific evidence on the epidemiology of COVID 19 in the HIV population, analyzing the correlation between the development of severe symptoms of COVID 19 in HIV positive and negative patients. Methodology: This scientific article was carried out based on the scientific literature published in scientific medical databases that have information on the proposed topic, in the Intra Med, PubMed, The Cochrane, SciELO, Elsevier, New England Journal of Medicine databases. , ScienceDirect. 13 scientific articles were used, and 8 systematic reviews published within a range of two years old. Development: Due to the high efficacy of current antiretroviral therapies, most people living with HIV are virologically suppressed and often have normal or slightly decreased CD4 cell counts. Mortality in patients with COVID-19 does not depend solely on their comorbidities, since the presence of complications has been established in terms of clinical manifestations and the management of patients with this disease. Mortality in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and HIV positive has been able to carry out a series of investigations that allow determining a relationship between the information collected. Discussion: The main relationship between COVID-19 disease and HIV patients is based on the fact that the presentation of clinical manifestations and complications in the analyzed studies do not vary from HIV positive or HIV negative people, despite this it has been possible to establish certain characteristics that can determine slight changes in this presentation due to the belief that patients with HIV generally have a higher risk of serious illness or death, despite this it has not been possible to determine the existence of characteristics directly related to mortality in patients with these two diseases. Conclusion: Mortality in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and HIV is a subject of study, which has not been able to establish a clear relationship between mortality due to COVID 19 disease in HIV-positive patients and negative patients.Item Prevalencia de la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en un centro de rehabilitación social de la sierra ecuatoriana(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2022-03-01) Carrera Criollo, Lizbeth de los Ángeles; Ramos Ramírez, Martha Cecilia MSc. Bqf.The research was carried out considering that the majority of women prisoners come from marginalized social groups, having notable probabilities of being involved in sex work, substance use, aggression and unwanted pregnancies at an early age, which can become a factor, key generator of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Objective: to determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a Social Rehabilitation Center in the Ecuadorian Sierra, 2018. Methodology: a cross sectional analytical study, non-experimental design, demonstrated in 69 inmates, in which sociodemographic factors, family context, lifestyles and sexual risk behaviors for contracting HIV were evaluated. Results: the inmates indicate having started their sexuality between the ages of 16 to 30 (31.88%) and from 31 to 49 (57.98%), in addition, they indicate that they live in a free union (37.68%), they have studied secondary education (47.83%), their customs are Catholic (66.67%), their orientation is heterosexual (91.38%), they have habits such as tobacco consumption (24.64%), alcohol (37.68% ), drugs (14.49%), piercing (66.67%); In addition, adolescent pregnancy stands out (73.91%), sexual assaults (10.14%), sexual relations with substance use (27.54%), not using condoms (59.42%), and suffering from STDs (5.80%), finally the data indicate that 94.20% have non-reactive HIV results and 5.8% are reactive HIV. Conclusions: The study showed a low prevalence of HIV in the presence of the factors analyzedItem Relato de experiencia de cuidador de adolescente con VIH(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-03-01) Cando Chango, Ximena Alexandra; Guarate Coronado, Yeisy Cristina Dra. Mg.Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is characterized by replicating in a wide variety of cells. A caregiver is a person who dedicates their time and effort to helping another person perform the basic activities of life, being a fundamental pillar for their recovery or to cope with an illness. Objective: To describe the experiences of a caregiver of an adolescent with HIV. Materials and methods: Qualitative, exploratory phenomenological research. The method used was Bertaux's biographical method in the life stories mode. The information was collected through interviews that were recorded and transcribed for analysis. The participant was a caregiver of an adolescent with HIV who was asked for his authorization and the signing of the informed consent. Results: The situation of the family of an HIV patient is of great emotional impact conditioned by fears, myths and ignorance that lead to the rejection of the person suffering from it. The caregiver is an important part in understanding and managing the disease. Conclusion: The caregiver and family support are fundamental pillars in the care of a person suffering from a disease such as HIV.Item Estrategia de prevención de riesgo metabólico y cardiovascular en pacientes con lipodistrofia e infección por vih en tratamiento antirretroviral.(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-08-01) Rubio Lalama, Diego Andrés Dr.; Quishpe, Graciela Lic. Esp. Mg.Introduction: Antiretrovirals as a side effect generates the appearance of metabolic alterations that phenotypically manifest with lipodystrophy, the present investigation seeks a strategy for the prevention of metabolic and cardiovascular risk in patients living with HIV and lipodystrophy. Methods: Systematic bibliographic review of articles published within the years 2015 - 2021 in the databases PubMed, Scielo, Dialnet, Medes, Cochrane, in which the MeSH terms were used: “Lipodystrophy”, “HIV / AIDS ", "Nutritional condition". The use of the boolean "and" was used, discarding the use of "or" since the interest was to examine publications on metabolic and cardiovascular risk in patients with lipodystrophy and HIV infection. The following equations were used in the aforementioned databases, “HIV / AIDS” AND “Lipodystrophy” AND “Nutritional status”. In addition, as a complement, the bibliographic references of each article were manually reviewed. The inclusion criteria were articles from all countries, published during the previous 5 years, in the Spanish and English languages. Studies conducted in human adults infected with HIV / AIDS, undergoing antiretroviral treatment and presenting lipodystrophy were chosen. Articles that studied pediatric patients, that did not include lipodystrophy, and those that did not have conclusive results were excluded. Titles and abstracts were read. the inclusion or not of the article to read the full text; For this, an abstract selection table was prepared. The information of each article was recorded, in a database in Microsoft Excel 2010, which included year and place of occurrence, population, age, sex, diagnostic tests, indicators, percentage of lipodystrophy, metabolic and cardiovascular risk. Conclusions: It is necessary to present a strategy for the early identification of metabolic and cardiovascular risk and its prevention early.Item Factores de no adherencia terapeutica al tarv(terapia anti retroviral) en pacientes con sindrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (VIH/sida)(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2021-03-01) Paredes Illanes, Lesly Vanesa; Quishpe Jara, Graciela de las Mercedes Lcda. Mg.Introduction: HIV is the acquired immunodeficiency virus for which there is still no cure, but whose most successful treatment is ART, which has achieved a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality from this cause when administered properly and in a timely manner. Objective: To analyse the factors of nonadherence to ART (Anti-Retroviral Therapy) in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Methods: A systematic review of scientific articles and publications directly related to the subject of study was carried out, in the period 2015-2020, in databases such as: VHL, LILACS, PUBMED, MEDIGRAPHIC, MEDLINE, ELSEVIER, SCIELO, through descriptors such as: "HIV", "AIDS", "ASSOCIATED FACTORS", "NON-ADHERENCE", "TREATMENT". Results: The articles selected for the development of the systematic review were 41, which were selected from a total of 240 reported in the different databases in the period October-November 2020. Most of the articles agree that the main factors for the lack of adherence to antiretroviral treatment in patients infected with HIV/AIDS are personal and health-related. Conclusions: The factors for non-adherence to ART are varied as they depend on intrinsic and extrinsic elements but they must be addressed because non-adherence to treatment can trigger repercussions such as: a greater number of opportunistic diseases and complications related to the start of treatment, a lesser response to antiretroviral treatment, low life expectancy and a greater risk of the spread of the disease.Item Factores de riesgo para la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en ecuador(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2021-03-01) Soraya Paola, Cevallos Jácome; Quishpe Jara, Graciela de las Mercedes Lcda. Mg.The Human Immunodeficiency Virus has caused significant negative impacts on health due to its high morbidity and mortality; for this reason, identifying the risk factors for HIV in Ecuador helps to create effective prevention strategies with the aim of promoting responsible behavior in the population. A documentary, descriptive, narrative research was carried out with a bibliographic design in which information was collected from secondary sources that have been published in the last 5 years. The literature consulted shows that risk factors can be biological, psychosocial, environmental and educational, with the most common being the onset of an early sexual life, multiple sexual partners, anal and vaginal intercourse without a condom, using and sharing sexual objects , oral sex, drug use, which leads to inappropriate and irresponsible behavior in the population.