Ciencias de la Salud

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Start date: 2021Subject: search.filters.subject.ADULTO

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    FACTORES DE RIESGO ASOCIADOS A LA CONTAMINACIÓN DE HEMOCULTIVOS EN PACIENTES ADULTOS Y PEDIÁTRICOS: UNA REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA
    (2025-02-24) Molina Bautista, Daniela Viviana; Jaramillo Ruales, Evelyn Katherine; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico
    Introduction: bloodstream infections are one of the leading causes of mortality in children and adults worldwide. Blood cultures are essential diagnostic tests for identifying microorganisms and guiding antimicrobial treatment. However, sample contamination reduces diagnostic accuracy due to the introduction of contaminating organisms during sample collection or the patient's clinical condition. Methods: a systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines on studies found in PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, Web of Science, and BVS, including a total of 19 studies. Results: after reviewing the 19 studies, detailed information was gathered on a standardized protocol for the proper collection of blood samples for blood cultures in adult and pediatric patients. Additionally, internal and external risk factors associated with specimen contamination were analyzed. Some of these factors included the severity of the patient's condition, the immune system, the use of invasive devices, skin antisepsis, technical difficulties, or high workload. Conclusions: this research highlights the importance of rigorous implementation of standardized procedures to minimize risk factors associated with blood culture contamination and, consequently, the prevention of unnecessary treatments.
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    Discapacidad y calidad de vida en adultos institucionalizados por consumo de sustancias
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Psicología Clínica, 2024-03-01) Parra Fauta, Daily de los Angeles; Mena Freire, Marco Antonio Ps. Cl. Mgs.
    En el ámbito de la salud pública a nivel global, el consumo problemático de sustancias representa una preocupación significativa, particularmente en grupos vulnerables como los adultos institucionalizados. En este contexto, la relación entre discapacidad y calidad de vida adquiere relevancia, ya que ambos aspectos están intrínsecamente ligados a la salud física y psicológica de estas personas. Este estudio, realizado en centros especializados en Ecuador, se propuso determinar dicha relación en adultos de 18 a 50 años. A través de un enfoque cuantitativo correlacional con 101 participantes de género masculino, se identificó una correlación negativa leve entre la calidad de vida y las dimensiones de discapacidad en movilidad y cuidado personal. No obstante, no se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre el total de las variables ni diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre grupos de edad. En conclusión, se evidenció que a medida que la disfuncionalidad en movilidad y cuidado personal aumenta, la calidad de vida tiende a disminuir de manera leve en este segmento de la población.
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    Manejo del dolor en pacientes adultos mayores no oncológicos en fase paliativa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-10-12) Semblantes Quinche, Deisy Maribel; Quenorán Almeida, Verónica Sofia
    Introduction: Pain is associated with tissue damage, which includes behaviors and emotions that lead to both physical and cognitive dependence, requiring management to provide better care, reducing the suffering of the patients and relatives. Objective: To determine pain management by nursing staff in non oncological older adult patients in the palliative phase. Methods: The investigation corresponds to a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. The population was 80 nurses from the from Public Hospital. It was collected through surveys with 12 questions with likert scale, divided into 5 dimensions: pain assessment, medication administration, purpose of medication administration, work of the nursing staff, and knowledge. Results: The nursing staff states that 71.3% perform pain assessment, 63.8% administer medication at fixed times, 66.3% observe the patient being satisfied, 67.5% assess side effects and 75% affirm that morphine it is used in chronic pain. Conclusions: Professional interventions for pain management in non-oncological older adult patients in the palliative phase are favorable, the majority constantly apply the care to reduce pain, however, it is necessary to expand their knowledge according to with administered medication.
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    Estrategia de prevención comunitaria con base a la efectividad de la hemoglobina glicosilada en adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus
    (Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-08-01) Sánchez Ganchozo, Oscar Isidro Lcdo.; Jurado Melo, Verónica Cristina Dra.
    Introduction: Promote community prevention strategies based on the effectiveness of glycosylated hemoglobin in health promotion and education to motivate older adults to participate, provide them with opportunities in programs that develop healthy lifestyles, incorporating them to protect the elderly with diabetes mellitus, are necessary to achieve primary health achievements. Objective: To design a community prevention strategy based on the effectiveness of glycosylated hemoglobin in older adults with diabetes mellitus in the San Camilo Subcentre. Methodology: The quantitative method was used, with a positivist approach, in this study the design of documentary research was considered, the source of the data is 40 articles from scientific databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, Dialnet, Redalyc, Scielo, Latindex, for this a data collection instrument is used, a table called the observations matrix. Results: in the developed theoretical systematization it is evidenced that an early comprehensive assessment helps to prevent or delay more comorbidities to avoid risks of cognitive impairment and physical capacity, the results show that 30% of glycosylated hemoglobin contributes to the elaboration of diagnosis and control in a community, the use of the glycosylated hemoglobin test can become an opportunity to determine the predisposition to the disease. Conclusions: The community strategy designed based on the effectiveness of glycosylated hemoglobin in older adults, establishes the work algorithm to modify lifestyles, in the development of future educational-based interventions, where interactive and participatory learning is developed with the social actors present in the community and continuous learning is promoted.