Ciencias de la Salud
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Item INCIDENCIA DE DERMATOFITOS EN PERSONAS DEDICADAS A LA AGRICULTURA EN EL SECTOR DE QUILLÁN LOMA(2025-02-25) Chimborazo Manobanda, Bryan Raúl; Vilcacundo Córdova, Mario Fernando; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio ClínicoThis study focuses on determining the frequency of dermatophytes in individuals engaged in agriculture in the Quillán Loma area. Dermatophytes, the most common agents of superficial mycoses worldwide, affect keratinized structures such as skin, nails, and hair. Farmers are particularly vulnerable due to their long working hours, contact with organic matter and animals, use of closed footwear, and humid conditions. The study, designed as cross-sectional, descriptive, observational, and prolective, included 52 participants with lesions suggestive of onychomycosis and athlete’s foot. Samples were collected from toenails, fingernails, sole scrapings, and interdigital spaces, and analyzed using 10% KOH, Sabouraud dextrose agar culture, microculture, and lactophenol blue staining. Microscopic and macroscopic analyses identified the etiological agents. Of the samples, 29 tested positives through KOH and culture. Nineteen dermatophytes were identified: Trichophyton mentagrophytes in 12 cases and T. rubrum in 7 cases. Additionally, 10 non-dermatophytic molds were isolated: Fusarium (5 cases), Aspergillus (3 cases), and one case each of Scopulariopsis and Alternaria. Risk factors were validated through a survey and correlated with the dermatophytes identified in the study.Item DETERMINACIÓN DEL PERFIL HEPÁTICO Y COLINESTERASA SÉRICA EN AGRICULTORES EXPUESTOS A PESTICIDAS EN EL CASERÍO QUITOCUCHO DEL CANTÓN PELILEO(2025-02-25) Taipe Masaquiza, Carmen Marilyn; Ron Mora, Álvaro Sebastián; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio ClínicoThe present study aimed to evaluate the levels of liver enzymes and serum cholinesterase in farmers exposed to pesticides in the Quitocucho hamlet of the Pelileo Canton. Pesticides are essential for pest control in different agricultural crops, but their cumulative toxicity can generate negative effects on the health of farmers, including liver damage, neurological disorders and respiratory problems. A cross-sectional, descriptive, observational and prolective study was used, where 90 blood samples were analyzed from women and men. The quantification of liver enzymes was performed on the Auto-Chemistry Analyzer CS-T180 and serum cholinesterase on the Erba Mannhein spectrophotometer. Through an evaluated survey, the risk factors associated with the inadequate handling of pesticides were identified through nonparametric tests, such as Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Chi square. The results indicated slightly elevated levels of AST in 34.4% (31 farmers), ALT in 24.4% (22 farmers), GGT in 20% (18 farmers), ALP in 16.7% (15 farmers) and decreased serum cholinesterase in 8.9% (8 farmers). To establish whether there is a relationship between liver enzyme alterations and exposure to pesticides, the Chi-square test was used. The results showed that there is no significant relationship, which suggests that the alterations in liver enzymes could be associated with other factors.Item CALIDAD DE VIDA EN ADULTOS MAYORES AGRICULTORES CON DOLOR CRÓNICO(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-03) Gaibor Lezano, Holguer Alejandro; Espín López, Valeria IsabelIntroduction: A relevant component that harms the level of quality of life is the appearance of illnesses associated with pain, especially in adult farmers. The repetitive effort, the maintenance of an incorrect posture, the working conditions and especially in the agricultural environment, I think that your health is deteriorating. Objective: Determine the association of the quality of life of older farmers with chronic pain. Methods: Research with a quantitative focus, observational-transversal design and correlational scope, the population was carried out by older adults who attended the Greater Adult Club “Virgen del Guápulo”, whose sample consisted of 23 people selected through intentional probabilistic sampling based on inclusion and inclusion criteria exclusion, whichever applies three instruments: a sociodemographic survey, the Latineen Index that evaluates chronic pain and quality of life WHOQOL-BREF. Results: The majority of older adults showed moderate pain level (69.6%), regular quality of life (64.7%). The bilateral significance value of the Chi squared test of Verosimilitud Ratio is 0.038<0.05. Conclusions: The investigator's alternative hypothesis is accepted; to decide, if there is an association between the quality of life and the level of pain that adult farmers present.Item Efectos de los plaguicidas sobre la salud humana en una comunidad de agricultores(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-10-13) Vargas Sunta, Ivan Francisco; Moyano Calero, WillianThe development of agriculture and the maintenance of crops is accompanied by activities that require not only physical effort, but also hours of continuous exposure to chemical products that can have effects on people's health. Many times, the risk is not only due to exposure, but there are factors such as ignorance that make it difficult for this work activity to be carried out adequately. The objective is to analyze the effects of pesticides on human health in a community of farmers. The methodology used for this study was qualitative, carried out between the months of May and June 2022 with a total of 40 farmers from the Canton Quero province of Tungurahua. A semi-structured interview was applied, through which it was found that exposure to pesticides does have a great impact on the health of farmers, so that signs and symptoms suggestive of intoxication develop. The technical ignorance of the use and management of pesticides is a determining factor for the development of symptoms with the greatest impact on health, the deficiency in the use of personal protection equipment aggravates the scenario of each farmer and the neurological symptoms are the ones that more are repeated among the individuals interviewed.Item Propuesta de estrategias de prevención de enfermedades musculoesqueléticas en agricultores(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-10-12) Puente Rodríguez, Valeria Michelle; Herrera López, José LuisIntroduction: Agriculture is the rural occupation with the greatest exposure to physical load, so it has a greater risk of generating musculoskeletal diseases because they maintain uncomfortable or inadequate postures due to long working hours, heavy, repetitive, and monotonous work. Methodology: The research was quantitative, descriptive, and cross sectional. The OCRA questionnaire, which assesses exposure to repetitive movements of the upper limbs, and the probability of presenting related problems, was used. For the analysis, the statistical software SPSS version 24 for Windows was used, an analysis of the information required to establish a proposal for the prevention of musculoskeletal diseases in farmers was carried out, analyzing each risk factor to which they are exposed obtained from the applied questionnaire, and providing a strategy for each of them, translating this into a flowchart. Results: It was identified that at the level of the right and left arm, farmers present a high level of risk of presenting muscular pathologies (100%) due to work, in addition, of a total of 60 farmers, more than 70% present risk activities such as carrying out extensive work cycles, without respective breaks, with rapid movements, inadequate positions, weight gain, application of intense force or forced postures. Conclusion: A proposal was developed that contains strategies applicable in farmers, through the diagnosis of the ergonomic risks presented, and the level of risk of developing musculoskeletal diseases.