Ciencias de la Salud

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    CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL ÁNGULO DE FASE EN PACIENTES DIABÉTICOS
    (2025-06-18) Camacho Barragán Sebastian Alejandro; Arteaga Almeida Cristina Alexandra; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
    Introduction: The characterization of phase angle (PA), measured through bioelectrical impedance, is a key clinical marker in patients with diabetes mellitus, associated with muscle mass, adipose tissue, and visceral fat. It allows for analysis as a direct relational factor concerning tissue and cellular response capacity to chronic pathological factors. Objective: This study aims to apply descriptive statistics segmented by sex and age to obtain intervaltype control points for phase angle in correlation with metabolic complications. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis, evaluating phase angle in relation to body composition and metabolic complications arising from type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results: A total of 121 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were evaluated through descriptive analysis and variance using the Kolmogorov- Smirnov test, considering the components of phase angle (PA) in arms, legs, and trunk, broken down by sex. The classification of subjects revealed the presence of a group with normal PA values and another with decreased values. The relationship between metabolic complications and PA values was graphically illustrated, showing that the general PA had the highest correlation with these complications, followed by the trunk PA and the left arm PA. Discussion: This study evaluated the relationship between phase angle (PA) and metabolic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The results indicated that there is no significant relationship between gender and PA values, suggesting that complications may develop independently of the patient's sex. A control interval for PA was established between 5 and 7 points; values below 5 were associated with inflammatory syndromes and metabolic complications. The general PA showed the highest correlation with complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, confirming its utility as a predictive marker, in line with previous research that suggests a low PA increases the risk of complications in this population. Conclusions: PA emerges as a key indicator for the identification and management of metabolic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus, providing opportunities to enhance clinical care in this population.
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    DIETAS HIPOCALÓRICAS Y RESISTENCIA A LA INSULINA, POSIBLES BENEFICIOS O COMPLICACIONES
    (2025-06-18) Chasig Quisaguano Adrian Ismael; Bonilla Veloz Silvia Elizabeth; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética
    This article examines the effect of hypocaloric diets on insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Hypocaloric diets are an effective tool to achieve weight loss and improve metabolic health, evidencing positive effects such as increased peripheral insulin sensitivity, decreased liver fat accumulation and lipid profile adequacy. However, if not applied correctly, disadvantages may arise such as decreased muscle mass, alterations at the level of basal metabolism and possible nutritional deficiencies. An analysis of the influence of intermittent fasting and caloric restriction on the regulation of body weight, blood glucose levels and inflammatory markers associated with the cellular aging process is also addressed. Although hypocaloric diets show favorable results in the short term, maintaining adherence to them in the long term remains a challenge, indicating the importance of developing personalized approaches that facilitate their sustainability over time, it has been observed that intermittent diets tend to have greater longterm adherence compared to traditional continuous diets, although both are effective in reducing body weight, having greater effectiveness when enhanced with psychological support and the incorporation of physical exercise.