Ciencias de la Salud
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Item Determinación del costo del cultivo y antibiograma de secreción vaginal en el laboratorio de análisis bioquímicos y bacteriológicos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-01) Remache Molina, Lizbeth Guadalupe; Guangasig Toapanta, Víctor HernánBq. F. Mg.Currently, clinical laboratories provide culture and antibiogram services at a relatively low cost. However, the methodology used is manual and it can have human errors that involve an unreliable result. The present investigation was oriented to determine the cost of the culture and antibiogram of vaginal secretion carried out in an automated equipment; under the development of a descriptive, explanatory and documentary methodology. The direct and indirect costs incurred by the laboratory were calculated, obtaining a value of $29.60. The cost of reagents is the one that attributes the highest percentage value, reaching 90% of the total cost of the exam, followed by 7% for labor; these two are considered as direct laboratory costs. 3% for the average indirect laboratory cost that involves equipment, preventive maintenance, calibration and laboratory supplies. The average indirect institutional cost such as electricity and water in the study does not show a significant value, so any change in this item will not be affected to a great extent to the value of the exam. The market study in relation to the laboratory test showed values between $14.00 and $30.00. This diversity occurs because the laboratories carry out the processes manually and only those that are priced between 25 and 30 dollars do so automatically.Item Determinación del costo del cultivo y antibiograma del urocultivo en el laboratorio de análisis bioquímicos y bacteriológicos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-08) Guato Castillo, María José; Guangasig Toapanta, Víctor HernánThe present research is focused on the analysis of the cost of urine culture and antibiogram of the Laboratory of Biochemical and Bacteriological Analysis of the Technical University of Ambato performed in the automated equipment Vitek 2 compact. The research has a focus on the economic field since the laboratory needed the analysis of the financial field to obtain the value of such examination, in this work the direct and indirect costs were calculated to obtain the value of the urine culture. The analysis of the cost of the urine culture gave a value of $26.62 dollars. The average values for the average direct laboratory costs were $24.80, the average indirect laboratory cost $0.80 and the average indirect institutional cost $0.012. In addition, a field investigation was carried out with the costs and the elaboration of the examination of 28 other laboratories in the provinces of Tungurahua that use similar processing systems but mostly manual, and in this way the unit price of the culture and antibiogram of urine was compared, so it was evidenced that there are prices in the market from 9 dollars to 28 dollars. There is a significant difference between the cost of the local market and the result of the research, since the laboratories perform the test manually and the research performs it in an automated equipment with 98% confidence and in the shortest time.Item Estrategia didáctica para el perfeccionamiento curricular en microbiología a partir del abordaje de la calidad(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-12-01) Quintanilla Albán, Mayra Beatriz; Viteri Robayo, Carmen Patricia Mg.Item Implementación y evaluación del manual de bioseguridad en el laboratorio de microbiología del Hospital General Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrado, 2022-09-01) Soria Londo, Juan Pablo Lcdo.; Ramos Ramírez, Martha Cecilia BQF. MG.This research addresses the implementation and evaluation of the biosafety manual in the microbiology laboratory of the General Hospital of Ambato, because the institution did not have a manual establishing biosafety standards for the protection of laboratory personnel. In compliance with the main objective of implementing and evaluating the manual, a survey was conducted on the general concepts of biosafety standards, which allowed focusing on the relevant topics for the elaboration of the document. The results were evaluated by training 34 health professionals. Finally, a comparison of results was made, from the data obtained it was found that 46% had an average knowledge of biosafety standards which made the spread of pathogens in the environment of the microbiology area vulnerable, after the implementation there was a significant impact reaching 85% of the knowledge in the application of biosafety procedures, which was evidenced during the Covid 19 pandemic. According to the analysis carried out, it can be concluded that the application of biosafety policies in the laboratory allows guaranteeing the protection of human health and the risks associated with the environment.Item Propuesta para la implementación del área de microbiología en el laboratorio clínico del Centro Clínico Quirúrgico Ambulatorio Hospital del día El Tena, IESS(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-07-01) Muñoz Guerrero, Fernanda Estefanía Lcda.; Urbina Salazar Ph. BqF., Anabell Del RocíoThe present investigation was developed with the main objective of proposing the implementation of the microbiology service in the clinical laboratory of the Hospital del Día el Tena Ambulatory Surgical Center. For this purpose, a descriptive and transactional quantitative study was proposed, applying 35 medical professionals from the hospital corresponding to 100%, a questionnaire was prepared that was previously validated by four experts where the needs were identified, collecting the opinion of the doctors regarding to the need to include the microbiology service. In the results it was possible to clearly notice that the doctors express the need to include the microbiology service, as a fundamental part of their work. Specifically, 100% of the sample indicates the need to include the service, being opportune to speed up the diagnostic process, select an adequate treatment, and through this they consider that a significant percentage of patients would benefit from the service. Additionally, 91.4% of the sample reports that they have had difficulties in carrying out their functions associated with the absence of the microbiology service, 97.1% report having had to request external microbiological studies, and 80% consider that the inclusion of this service will allow medical care to be more efficient, relevant and reliable. In this way, it is concluded, together with the theoretical review, that the inclusion of the microbiology service within the clinical laboratory of the El Tena day hospital is necessary. Based on this background, the proposal for a microbiology service adjusted to the characteristics of this hospital, and complying with all the corresponding regulations and requirements, was developed through this research, with the ultimate goal of being evaluated by the relevant authorities and considered include this service among those offered by this institutionItem PROPUESTA PARA LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DEL ÁREA DE MICROBIOLOGÍA EN EL LABORATORIO CLÍNICO DEL CENTRO CLÍNICO QUIRÚRGICO AMBULATORIO HOSPITAL DEL DÍA EL TENA, IESS(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-07-01) Lcda. Muñoz Guerrero, Fernanda Estefanía; BqF. Urbina Salazar Ph. D, Anabell Del RocíoThe present investigation was developed with the main objective of proposing the implementation of the microbiology service in the clinical laboratory of the Hospital del Día el Tena Ambulatory Surgical Center. For this purpose, a descriptive and transactional quantitative study was proposed, applying 35 medical professionals from the hospital corresponding to 100%, a questionnaire was prepared that was previously validated by four experts where the needs were identified, collecting the opinion of the doctors regarding to the need to include the microbiology service. In the results it was possible to clearly notice that the doctors express the need to include the microbiology service, as a fundamental part of their work. Specifically, 100% of the sample indicates the need to include the service, being opportune to speed up the diagnostic process, select an adequate treatment, and through this they consider that a significant percentage of patients would benefit from the service. Additionally, 91.4% of the sample reports that they have had difficulties in carrying out their functions associated with the absence of the microbiology service, 97.1% report having had to request external microbiological studies, and 80% consider that the inclusion of this service will allow medical care to be more efficient, relevant and reliable. In this way, it is concluded, together with the theoretical review, that the inclusion of the microbiology service within the clinical laboratory of the El Tena day hospital is necessary. Based on this background, the proposal for a microbiology service adjusted to the characteristics of this hospital, and complying with all the corresponding regulations and requirements, was developed through this research, with the ultimate goal of being evaluated by the relevant authorities and considered include this service among those offered by this institution.Item Estrategia de prevención comunitaria de enfermedades diarreicas agudas a partir de la evaluación fisicoquímica y microbiológica del agua(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-08-01) Argotti Zumbana, Carlos Fabián Lic.; Carrero Castillo, Yenddy Nayghit PHD.Acute Diarrheal Diseases (ADD) represent one of the conditions produced mainly by the consumption of contaminated water, the most affected population worldwide being children, with a higher prevalence in rural areas, where wastewater treatment is inappropriate. Human waste is discharged into open latrines, canals, and streams, or is spread on farmland. It is estimated that these diseases affect 1.5 million children annually and constitute the second cause of death in children under five years of age, with an estimated 525,000 each year. There are many underground water springs, which constitute an important source of water for human consumption and agricultural use, which are affected by the contamination caused by the nearby septic tanks that contain organic waste, animal feces or by agro-chemicals, coming from the agricultural activity which infiltrate through the soil and reach these water sources, also due to the physical conditions of the catchment points, which are not ideal in infrastructure; giving rise to the alteration of the physicochemical and microbiological quality of the water and therefore the quality of life of the people who are supplied in different ways from these deposits consider ourselves a vehicle for the transport of pathogens that cause epidemic diseases, toxic infections and gastrointestinal diseases such as amoebic dysentery, diarrhea, abdominal pain, among others. The water quality assessment is based on the determination of specific chemicals that can affect health after exposure. It is a multi-approach process that studies the physical, chemical, and biological nature of water in relation to natural quality, human and aquatic health-related effects. This research arises from the need of the community's inhabitants to have water for direct consumption or for quality agriculture. Therefore, the study of the microbiological and physicochemical quality of the spring waters is of great relevance. used by the community of San Luis to prevent causes that generate diseases of water origin and sanitary danger. Interviews were conducted with the heads of households of the community of San Luis de Mulalillo, to determine the origin, distribution, and management of water and if any member of the family had ADD in the period of 9 months of study, water samples were collected of the different strategic points in the catchment, for its analysis in the laboratory and it was determined that acute diarrheal diseases are not only due to the fecal coliforms present in the water but also to other factors that the inhabitants are exposed to. It was shown that in the parameters pH, fluorides, turbidity, nitrites, phosphates, carbonates, they are in acceptability of the environmental quality while the parameters of nitrates, residual chlorine 17 and fecal coliforms exceed the maximum permissible limits, so that there could be a direct correlation with the appearance of acute diarrheal diseases in the infant and long-lived population of the community. The quality of the water of the Tunancay river slope is affected by the inadequate hygiene conditions of the homes near the river, as well as the waste of the animals that graze along the riverbanks and that the inhabitants do not take due care to that these are not close to the water springs, that is why a community prevention strategy was applied on the proper use and protocols to follow for the consumption of safe water in the population, together with the authorities and the community council and talks were established in order to prevent diarrheal diseases in the population, in addition to a proposal for them to carry out procedures inherent to the development of a necessary drinking water and sewerage project in this population. It is concluded that the water in the community of San Luis de Mulalillo is contaminated by total Colibacilli that exceed the maximum tolerable limits, as well as the presence of nitrates and residual chlorineItem Determinación de Enterobacterias Mediante Coprocultivo y su Relación con Gastroenteritis no Parasitaria en Pacientes Adultos que Residen en el Cantón Pujilí - Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-Carrera Laboratorio Clínico, 2016-11-01) Herrera Durán, Magaly Johana; Salazar Garcés, Dolores Krupskaya Lcda. Mg.The research project was conducted in the area of Microbiology play an important role when analyzing biological samples, which helps with the diagnosis of the origin of infectious diseases. The objective of this project was to investigate the types of bacteria that are causing acute gastroenteritis bacterial disease (GEBA), it was done with stool samples collected from residents adult patients from Pujili Canton by a pure culture, on selective and specific media, with an incubation of 24 to 48 hours in which to get a better result was complemented by biochemical tests as TSI (triple sugar iron), SIM (sulfur, indo, mobility), urea and citrate, of this way to identify the gender and species of the bacteria and finally a reseeding was done in the Agar Mueller Hinton to verify the susceptibility testing with the use of sensitivity discs broad spectrum, for which a bacterial dilution was performed with the standard 0.5 of the MacFarland turbidity scale. The result was a population of 450 patients between 20 and 65 years old who attend to the Clinical Laboratory, after inclusion and exclusion criteria, a sample of 80 patients women / men who have had symptoms of GEBA was obtained. So in this research project it was concluded that, 44 samples correspond to 55% which had growth of Escherichia. coli, 24 samples are equivalent to 30% of Salmonella spp development, and finally 12 samples corresponding to 15% of growth of Klebsiella oxytoca, reaching 100% of total samples, investigating the predisposing factors for appearance of GEBA, it was concluded that most cases are due to food contamination , and lack of personal hygiene