Ciencias de la Salud
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Item DETERMINACIÓN DE COLINESTERASA SÉRICA EN AGRICULTORES EXPUESTOS A ORGANOFOSFORADOS DE LA PARROQUIA SANTA ROSA CANTÓN AMBATO(2025-02-25) Toalombo Caisa, Jennifer Johanna; Guangasig Toapanta, Víctor Hernán; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio ClínicoThe use of pesticides, essential for increasing agricultural productivity, has been crucial since the 20th century to ensure food security in the face of population growth. Among these, organophosphates stand out for their high toxicity and widespread use, particularly in developing countries. Exposure to organophosphate pesticides is a critical issue for the health of agricultural workers, as it is associated with the inhibition of serum cholinesterase. The aim of this research was to evaluate serum cholinesterase levels as an indicator of exposure to organophosphate pesticides in farmers from the Santa Rosa parish and to analyze the associated risk factors. The study employed a cross-sectional, observational, and analytical approach. The sample included 53 farmers selected based on inclusion criteria. A colorimetric method was used to measure serum cholinesterase, and structured surveys were employed to gather information on personal protective equipment (PPE) use and agricultural practices. The data were analyzed using statistical tests such as correlations and chi-square tests. The results showed that 9.4% of the farmers had a decrease in serum cholinesterase activity, associated with unsafe practices such as inadequate use of PPE (41.51%) and a high frequency of spraying (25.81%). It was concluded that prolonged exposure to organophosphates affects the health of farmers, emphasizing the need for regular monitoring of serum cholinesterase and training programs on safe agricultural practices. The proposal of this study is to implement surveillance systems and promote the proper use of PPE to reduce associated risks.Item LA EXPOSICIÓN A ORGANOFOSFORADOS Y CARBAMATOS EN AGRICULTORES DEL CANTÓN PALORA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-08-05) Abad Defaz, Jenifer Alexandra; Valenzuela Sánchez, Gabiela PaolaExposure to organophosphates and carbamates raises concerns about potent ia l negative health effects for agricultural workers. When analyzing the serum cholinesterase enzyme and the transaminases aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), variation in factors associated with enzyme deterioration could be found. The objective of the research was to evaluate risk factors, poisoning and possible liver damage due to exposure to organophosphates and carbamates in farmers in the canton of Palora. This study had a longitudin a l, observational, prospective and prolective approach. The sample was selected in a nonprobabilistic way using inclusion and exclusion criteria, for this study 30 agricult u ra l workers between 22 and 35 years of age from the canton of Palora were include d. Laboratory parameters such as cholinesterase and AST and ALT were analyze d through spectrophotometry techniques. For the data analysis, statistical tests such as Pearson's correlation were included, and an ANOVA analysis of variance was also performed for both quantitative and qualitative variables. The results showed a significant increase in cholinesterase concentrations in farmers exposed to pestici d es, indicating possible health effects. It was found that the concentrations of cholinesterase and transaminases, AST, and ALT, when compared with each of the risk factors, analyzing the population environment, it was deduced that being a population that has a non-frequent and rotating exposure, a temporary intoxication is perceived, which generates negative association values and, in some cases, positive. It was concluded that exposure to organophosphates and carbamates affects the health of farmers, highlighting the importance of monitoring liver health and promoting the proper use of protective equipment.Item Determinación de alteraciones hematológicas en agricultores de 25 a 60 años de edad que forman parte de la asociación artesanal de producción de bienes agrícolas y pecuarios del cantón Píllaro (abapp) expuestos a organofosforados durante el período octubre - diciembre 2022(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-01) Toapanta Toapanta, Evelin Aracely; Rosero Freire, Daniela Alexandra Lcda. Mg.Organophosphates are one of the most used types of pesticides in the agricultural sector, their purpose is the control and elimination of pests. However, their indiscriminate use and lack of precaution when handling them can become a health risk for farmers. The objective of this research is to determine hematological alterations in farmers who are part of the Artisanal Association for the Production of Agricultural and Livestock Goods of the Píllaro canton (ABAPP) exposed to organophosphate pesticides, for which a study was carried out with a quantitative approach of type descriptive, where univariate and bivariate analysis was performed. The study population consisted of 64 farmers, aged between 25 and 60 years who are part of ABAPP, of which 56.3% are women and 43.8% are men. The results showed that 17.2% of the population present at least one alteration in the cell lines, among the alterations found are reported an increase in red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, eosinophilia and monocytopenia were also present. It is concluded thatxv exposure to organophosphate pesticides can cause health problems in agricultural workers.Item “Medidores bioquímicos para intoxicación en agricultores expuestos a organofosforados en la parroquia San Miguelito del cantón Píllaro”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2020-01-01) Yánez Toapanta, Paulina del Carmen; Vailati López, Juan Pablo Dr.Agriculture is one of the economic activities that take place in Ecuador, in which a large number of people who work daily in the planting and conservation of crops are positioned, in this way for the development of these activities pesticides are used. a free form for the control of plagues, in this same context the decrease of the cholinergic activity is evident by the permanent exposure to pesticides that are generally of the organophosphorus type and that have impacted on the health of the agricultural workers. The population of interest for this study is the San Miguelito parish of the Píllaro canton, considered a highly agricultural territory largely devoted to the cultivation of potatoes and other tubers, for this research a sample of 40 participants has been selected composed of men and women belonging to an agricultural association that maintains direct contact with organophosphorus-type pesticides that cause a decrease in the concentration of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase and adverse liver function alterations. The present investigation establishes spectrophotometric determinations in the blood regarding the levels of concentration of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase and markers of liver function in each of the participants and in turn relates these alterations to main risk factors such as: the level of education of farmers, exposure time in hours per week and proper use of personal protective equipment. The results show the presence of 12 farmers who show a decrease in the concentration of the enzyme corresponding to 30% of the sample under study, also in the values obtained from the liver profile, it was not possible to show alterations that indicate a possible hepatotoxicity, likewise With the crossing of tables for each of the variables of interest with the help of a Pearson Chi Square test between the direct relationship of the risk factors and the decrease in the enzyme, it is concluded that there is a significant statistical relationship between them.Item “Pruebas bioquímicas y hematológicas en la valoración de intoxicación por organofosforados en agricultores del cantón Píllaro”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2018-04-01) Anchatipán Escobar, Juan Carlos; Vailati López, Juan Pablo Dr.Organophosphorus pesticides are chemical products that are used in an artisan way for plague control, in agricultural crops specially in potato crops, implying a high risk in people’s health who manipulate it directly, causing a decrease in the serum concentration of acetylcholinesterase and alterations in the liver function. The goal of this research is to determine the serum concentration of acetylcholinesterase in farmers exposed to Organophosphorus pesticides and to identify the possible variables that can alter the concentration of this enzyme; an experimental, predictive and bibliographic study was carried out, the study population were 40 farmers among men and women from canton of Píllaro, that were exposed directly with organophosphorus pesticides. For this study, the determination of serum the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, as well as liver enzymes, were performed by spectrophotometry techniques. It was determined that 7 out of 40 farmers exposed to organophosphorus pesticides showed a decrease in the concentration of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme representing 17.5% of the total study sample, a percentage that is not statistically significant according to the Student's t-test in relation to the total population, while in the determination of liver function enzymes no significant alterations were observed, it was also verified that the affected population had an exposure time between 11 and 31 years, as well as they were not aware of the biosecurity measures for the handling of this type of pesticides. Pesticides concluding that the decrease in acetylcholinesterase levels are directly influenced by the exposure time and the lack of knowledge of biosecurity measures in the handling of these pesticides.Item “Determinación de colinesterasa eritrocitaria en mujeres de edad fértil y embarazadas expuestas a plaguicidas”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2017-10-01) Cañar Robalino, Adriana Carolina; Bqf. Tinajero Vásquez, María FernandaThe increasing use of organophosphate insecticides in agriculture and in the interior of homes and schools poses a potential risk to health. As the use of these agents increases, acute and chronic exposure has become more common. Exposure of pregnant women to organophosphates is an important clinical entity due to its effects on two organisms; the mother and the fetus. The objective of this study was to determine erythrocyte cholinesterase levels in women of childbearing age and pregnant women who had exposure to pesticides. It was a descriptive study, which evaluated women of childbearing age and pregnant women who exhibit exposure to organophosphates. Among the group of women of childbearing age we can find that barely e1 0% presents low values without having exposure to pesticides, whereas 29.4% of pregnant women without pesticide exposure have presented low levels, despite the exposure in women of childbearing age 24.3% had adequate levels of erythrocyte cholinesterase only 3 out of 10 women of childbearing age with or without pregnancy and who had exposure to pesticides had low levels, it should be noted that the reference levels for pregnant women are lower compared to non-pregnant women. This study gives evidence of a drop in serum cholinesterase concentration in pregnant women. The influence of decreased cholinesterase in pregnancy may have been disproportionately greater in some women who have been exposed to a pesticide than other women in fertile age exposed and unexposed.