Ciencias de la Salud
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Item FACTORES DE RIESGO ASOCIADOS A LA CONTAMINACIÓN DE HEMOCULTIVOS EN PACIENTES ADULTOS Y PEDIÁTRICOS: UNA REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA(2025-02-24) Molina Bautista, Daniela Viviana; Jaramillo Ruales, Evelyn Katherine; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio ClínicoIntroduction: bloodstream infections are one of the leading causes of mortality in children and adults worldwide. Blood cultures are essential diagnostic tests for identifying microorganisms and guiding antimicrobial treatment. However, sample contamination reduces diagnostic accuracy due to the introduction of contaminating organisms during sample collection or the patient's clinical condition. Methods: a systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines on studies found in PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, Web of Science, and BVS, including a total of 19 studies. Results: after reviewing the 19 studies, detailed information was gathered on a standardized protocol for the proper collection of blood samples for blood cultures in adult and pediatric patients. Additionally, internal and external risk factors associated with specimen contamination were analyzed. Some of these factors included the severity of the patient's condition, the immune system, the use of invasive devices, skin antisepsis, technical difficulties, or high workload. Conclusions: this research highlights the importance of rigorous implementation of standardized procedures to minimize risk factors associated with blood culture contamination and, consequently, the prevention of unnecessary treatments.Item Discapacidad y calidad de vida en adultos institucionalizados por consumo de sustancias(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Psicología Clínica, 2024-03-01) Parra Fauta, Daily de los Angeles; Mena Freire, Marco Antonio Ps. Cl. Mgs.En el ámbito de la salud pública a nivel global, el consumo problemático de sustancias representa una preocupación significativa, particularmente en grupos vulnerables como los adultos institucionalizados. En este contexto, la relación entre discapacidad y calidad de vida adquiere relevancia, ya que ambos aspectos están intrínsecamente ligados a la salud física y psicológica de estas personas. Este estudio, realizado en centros especializados en Ecuador, se propuso determinar dicha relación en adultos de 18 a 50 años. A través de un enfoque cuantitativo correlacional con 101 participantes de género masculino, se identificó una correlación negativa leve entre la calidad de vida y las dimensiones de discapacidad en movilidad y cuidado personal. No obstante, no se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre el total de las variables ni diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre grupos de edad. En conclusión, se evidenció que a medida que la disfuncionalidad en movilidad y cuidado personal aumenta, la calidad de vida tiende a disminuir de manera leve en este segmento de la población.Item Manejo del dolor en pacientes adultos mayores no oncológicos en fase paliativa(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-10-12) Semblantes Quinche, Deisy Maribel; Quenorán Almeida, Verónica SofiaIntroduction: Pain is associated with tissue damage, which includes behaviors and emotions that lead to both physical and cognitive dependence, requiring management to provide better care, reducing the suffering of the patients and relatives. Objective: To determine pain management by nursing staff in non oncological older adult patients in the palliative phase. Methods: The investigation corresponds to a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. The population was 80 nurses from the from Public Hospital. It was collected through surveys with 12 questions with likert scale, divided into 5 dimensions: pain assessment, medication administration, purpose of medication administration, work of the nursing staff, and knowledge. Results: The nursing staff states that 71.3% perform pain assessment, 63.8% administer medication at fixed times, 66.3% observe the patient being satisfied, 67.5% assess side effects and 75% affirm that morphine it is used in chronic pain. Conclusions: Professional interventions for pain management in non-oncological older adult patients in the palliative phase are favorable, the majority constantly apply the care to reduce pain, however, it is necessary to expand their knowledge according to with administered medication.Item Estrategia de prevención comunitaria con base a la efectividad de la hemoglobina glicosilada en adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-08-01) Sánchez Ganchozo, Oscar Isidro Lcdo.; Jurado Melo, Verónica Cristina Dra.Introduction: Promote community prevention strategies based on the effectiveness of glycosylated hemoglobin in health promotion and education to motivate older adults to participate, provide them with opportunities in programs that develop healthy lifestyles, incorporating them to protect the elderly with diabetes mellitus, are necessary to achieve primary health achievements. Objective: To design a community prevention strategy based on the effectiveness of glycosylated hemoglobin in older adults with diabetes mellitus in the San Camilo Subcentre. Methodology: The quantitative method was used, with a positivist approach, in this study the design of documentary research was considered, the source of the data is 40 articles from scientific databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, Dialnet, Redalyc, Scielo, Latindex, for this a data collection instrument is used, a table called the observations matrix. Results: in the developed theoretical systematization it is evidenced that an early comprehensive assessment helps to prevent or delay more comorbidities to avoid risks of cognitive impairment and physical capacity, the results show that 30% of glycosylated hemoglobin contributes to the elaboration of diagnosis and control in a community, the use of the glycosylated hemoglobin test can become an opportunity to determine the predisposition to the disease. Conclusions: The community strategy designed based on the effectiveness of glycosylated hemoglobin in older adults, establishes the work algorithm to modify lifestyles, in the development of future educational-based interventions, where interactive and participatory learning is developed with the social actors present in the community and continuous learning is promoted.Item "Autopercepción y percepción familiar de la calidad de vida del adulto mayor. ER12, la Victoria, 2015-2016"(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-Dirección de Posgrado, 2016-11-01) Borja Tapia, Patricia Elisabeth Dra.; Creagh Bandera. Idalberto Dr Esp.,Nowadays the whole world is experiencing a new phenomenon, which is the phenomenon of demographic transition, where the population of the elderly has increased considerably, according to the World Health Organization that in the year 2000 there were approximately 600 million Old adults, a figure that would double by 2025, all this has been achieved thanks to technological and scientific advances that have reduced mortality rates and increasing life expectancy, so there are more vulnerable individuals, with their own requirements And with little social consideration what would determine their quality of life. Ecuador is also experiencing this process without being the exception the Parish Victoria. In this context the present study whose general objective was performed. Determine the quality of life of the elderly from self-perception and the perception of the family in the ER 12 Victory in 2015-2016. A qualitative and quantitative approach was maintained, it was a descriptive study cross-sectional descriptive study yielded information as older adults perceive their quality of life and how they perceive their families. We worked with 70 older adults and 70 family, using the instrument WHOQOL-BREF developed by OMS with 26 questions, which describes the quality of life in relation to social, biological, physical and psychological determinants studied during 2016. SPSS20program was used with frequency measurements, standard deviation, and chi square. Results: the average age was 70 years. The 60% (42) of seniors reported perceive their quality of life as average and 40% (28) perceived as bad, while 57.1% refer families (40 ) for average quality of life and 41.5% (29) low. According satisfaction with their health 30% will answered satisfactorily, however little dissatisfied 34.3% and 25.7% very dissatisfied, the best results were men, married primary school level and living with their partners.Item Salud Familiar y Funcionalidad del Adulto Mayor del sector EU 23. Latacunga. 2016(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud- Centro de posgrado, 2016-11-01) López Guerrero,Ana Abigaíl Md.; Neto Mullo Dr. Esp,Becker SantiagoNowadays, the technological advances have allowed reducing the birth rate and mortality, as well as improving social conditions, the older population is growing, and its health care is becoming a problem of public health and social security. According to the year 2025, there will be approximately 600 million older adults, increased longevity has requirements that cannot be ignored. The present research aimed to explore the dimensions of family health affected according to the functional status of older adults, in order to have better elements that guarantee a successful aging. It was remained a qualitative and quantitative approach, relational and transversal research based on the theory of decoupling of Cumming and Henry, applied to 55 families with seniors US 23 sector - Latacunga. Collection techniques are observation, interview, family files, clinical files, geriatric test, FF-SIL and family of risk features list. The data were processed in Excel, tabulated in SPSS and statistically significant with chi2. It concludes that family health that predominates is family dysfunction with a level of extreme criticality in more than a half, identifying risks of critical economy, low educational level, disability, negligence in care or abuse and poor hygiene. The categories of operation affected more harmony and adaptability. The functionality of the older adults determined by implemented activities over are dependent, in basic activities most are independent, the cognitive deterioration is moderate and there is a high social risk. It is recommended to improve the homes with optimal family relationships to develop functional status and increase the self-care of the elderly and improving family health.Item Salud Familiar y Funcionalidad del Adulto Mayor del sector EU 23. Latacunga. 2016(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-Dirección de Posgrado, 2016-11-01) Ana Abigaíl Md., López Guerrero; Becker Santiago , Neto Mullo Dr. EspNowadays, the technological advances have allowed reducing the birth rate and mortality, as well as improving social conditions, the older population is growing, and its health care is becoming a problem of public health and social security. According to the year 2025, there will be approximately 600 million older adults, increased longevity has requirements that cannot be ignored. The present research aimed to explore the dimensions of family health affected according to the functional status of older adults, in order to have better elements that guarantee a successful aging. It was remained a qualitative and quantitative approach, relational and transversal research based on the theory of decoupling of Cumming and Henry, applied to 55 families with seniors US 23 sector - Latacunga. Collection techniques are observation, interview, family files, clinical files, geriatric test, FF-SIL and family of risk features list. The data were processed in Excel, tabulated in SPSS and statistically significant with chi2. It concludes that family health that predominates is family dysfunction with a level of extreme criticality in more than a half, identifying risks of critical economy, low educational level, disability, negligence in care or abuse and poor hygiene. The categories of operation affected more harmony and adaptability. The functionality of the older adults determined by implemented activities over are dependent, in basic activities most are independent, the cognitive deterioration is moderate and there is a high social risk. It is recommended to improve the homes with optimal family relationships to develop functional status and increase the self-care of the elderly and improving family health.Item Síndrome de fragilidad en el adulto mayor y su repercusión en la salud familiar, Parroquia Cunchibamba 2015 - 2016(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-Dirección de Posgrado, 2016-11-01) Garcés Jerez, Katherine Elizabeth Md.; Linares Valdés Dra Esp, HortensiaIntroduction: Ecuador presents, currently, an accelerated aging process, a phenomenon that causes health problems among older adults, including the fragility that is a relatively new concept in geriatrics. The frailty syndrome is a pre disabled state, a state of vulnerability, or is detected and thus can address the situation to delay adverse events or overlooked and the elderly can cross the thin line separates fragility of disability. Objective: To identify frailty syndrome in the elderly and their impact on family health. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive, observational, with mixed approach of a total population of 200 adults over 65 years of sectors served by postgradistas of Family and Community Medicine, parish Cunchibamba, Study 2015/2016 period. Results: The frequency of frailty in the elderly was 163 (81.5%), the age range of 71-90 years predominated with 48.5%, 59.6% were women. It was classified according to the degree of functional impairment, mild weakness in 71 (43.5%), moderate 57 (34.9%), severe 35 (21.4%). Among the sociodemographic characteristics, marital status married 87 (53.4%), the level of instruction illiterate - incomplete primary 102 (62.5%) and employee work status 86 (52.8%) had significant percentages in different degrees of fragility. factors associated with the frail elderly, polypharmacy, hospitalization, depression, cognitive level and comorbidities with statistically significant results were identified. The family impact before the event frail old man, was coded by level of impairment, mild 47 (29.0%), moderate 49 (30.0%) and severe 21 (13.0%). Conclusions: A high level of fragility was identified in the elderly, with moderate impact on family health, mainly affecting the economic area, without underestimating the socio-psychological areas and family functioning.Item Potenciación Muscular Como Tratamiento Terapéutico En La Artrosis De Rodilla(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-Carrera Terapia Física, 2016-10-01) Sánchez Razo, Cristian David; Córdova Velasco, Luis Ernesto Dr.This research was presented as objective determine the effects that the muscle strengthening as a therapeutic treatment in osteoarthritis of the knee in the Elderly Foundation Amparo child and the family of San José de Patate. Knowing that the patient is in need of reducing the annoying symptoms presented by knee osteoarthritis and verifying the effectiveness of the technique of muscle strengthening as a treatment for osteoarthritis of the knee, it achieved a treatment framed in rapid patient recovery. The research has a sample of 23 people who were selected with the inclusion criteria and suffer from osteoarthritis of the knee. Each patient was asked to authorize their participation with informed consent. For data collection surveys, including the scale of EVA to assess pain, and a questionnaire WOMAC for osteoarthritis, same that allowed a known state and end of each patient becoming the basis of the study since with was used the data obtained was achieved verify the effectiveness of muscle strengthening as knee osteoarthritis treatment. The research results were positive it was possible to reduce pain and improve functional capacity of seniors Amparo Foundation Child and Family San José de Patate.