Ciencias de la Salud
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Item VISIÓN GENERAL SOBRE LAS NUEVAS TÉCNICAS EN EL MANEJO DE LA OSTEOMIELITIS AGUDA Y CRÓNICA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-09-26) Cevallos Mejía, Ariel Mateo; Toctaquiza Silva, Roberto CarlosOsteomyelitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the bone and is caused by an infectious process that leads to inflammation. This process represents a high morbidity and as a consequence could lead to disability. The most common microorganisms related to the pathology are Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. There are two well-defined forms, acute and chronic, which are differentiated by the presence of necrotic bone. Acute osteomyelitis is of hematogenous cause and is predominant in pediatric age, and it is important to note that in the initial stages we will not find dead bone; and the difference with chronic osteomyelitis is that here we do find necrotic bone, product of the arrival of pathogens to a bone affected by surgery or trauma. The therapeutic approach is multidisciplinary and depends on the stage of the disease and its classification, and is based on six fundamental pillars: surgical debridement, microbiological diagnosis, obliteration of the dead space, antibiotic therapy directed to the causative microorganisms and finally the reconstruction of soft tissues and bone.Item Implementación de un sistema de vigilancia de resistencia antimicrobiana en el Hospital SOLCA Núcleo de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-10-01) Vásconez Nuela, Diana Carolina Lcda.; Altamirano Vaca. Bqf. PHD, Gabriela LisethBacterial resistance is a public health problem that afflicts, at a global level, different health houses. Microorganisms resistant to most antimicrobials are known as ultra-resistant. The phenomenon is very worrying because infections by resistant microorganisms can cause the death of the patient, be transmitted to other people and generate great costs for both patients and health homes. The objective is to implement an antimicrobial resistance surveillance system that includes developing and applying microbiological sampling protocols and the detection of extended-spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing strains. Gram staining and the BBL Crystal ID identification system will be used for the bacterial identification. In addition, for the identification of ESBL, the combined disk diffusion method of ceftazidime/ceftazidime + clavulanic acid and cefotaxime/cefotazime+claculanic acid will be used, and for the carbapenemases detection, the EDTA, boronic acid, mCIM and eCIM tests will be performed, according to the CLSI guidelines, to generate information on the changes in the antimicrobial resistance pattern of the microorganisms subject to it, in order to improve the microbiology area of the SOLCA Núcleo de Tungurahua Hospital.Item Elaboración de la cartilla epidemiológica aplicado en las diferentes áreas hospitalarias del Hospital General Docente Ambato Distrito de Salud(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-10-01) Pérez Zapata, Ángela Yolanda; Mario F. MSc .Lcdo., Vilcacundo CórdovaThe prevalence of multiresistant bacteria is a serious public health problem. According to the WHO, this problem is considered one of the ten most relevant today in the health area. The elaboration of instruments that help to identify which are the most prevalent multi-resistant microorganisms in a locality helps greatly to develop public health policies and control strategies for both microorganisms and the sale and distribution of antibiotics. The present work was developed within the Hospital General Docente Ambato Distrito de Salud 18D0, where a survey was carried out on a sample of the personnel that works in said health house on knowledge of the management of multiresistant bacteria and on their knowledge of concepts associated with this problematic. An epidemiological survey of the samples analyzed in the microbiology laboratory of the institution was also developed to obtain information on the most prevalent microorganisms in the most frequent analytes in the laboratory. Finally, from the data extracted from the microbiology laboratory, and epidemiological chart was prepared with the most prevalent microorganisms in the analytes. From these analyzes, it was possible to determine a wide prevalence of E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus within the main samples analyzed within the microbiology laboratory. Once these relevant microorganisms were identified, it was also possible to observe a broad resistance of E. coli to a wide panel of antibiotics. This suggests that there is a wide distribution of genes that confer resistance to antibiotics within our population. Therefore, the elaboration of instruments such as the epidemiological primer is of great importance to generate public health policies for adequate control of this problem.Item “Evaluación del efecto antibacteriano de los extractos de plantas medicinales del Ecuador”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2019-10-01) Núñez Hernández, Erika Tatiana; Gudiño Gomezjurado, Marco Esteban Dr.In the last decade, worldwide data shows the continued increase in resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobials. All this is due to the abuse, abuse of these substances by humans and the use of antibiotics during agricultural and veterinary practices. So much so, that according to the World Health Organization (WHO) the situation is emerging at the health level, with the consequent socioeconomic impact. Therefore, new alternatives have been sought and one of them is the plant species. Ecuador, owning a great diversity of flora, fauna and ethnic diversity, Aboriginal peoples have used plants to mitigate and cure ailments. Against this background, we set out to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of 11 plant species against bacteria. Of these, Croton lechleri and Eucalyptus globulus Labil had antibacterial effects in the presence of log10 7.8 CFU of S. aureus ATCC 25923 and log10 8.48 CFU of L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 with a minimum bactericidal concentration of 2.5 mg for S. aureus ATCC 25923 and 5 mg for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 with C. lechleri and 5 mg for S. aureus ATCC 25923 and 0.625 for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 with Eucalyptus globulus Labil.