Ciencias de la Salud
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Item Susceptibilidad antimicrobiana en bacterias patógenas aisladas en el área de microbiología del laboratorio clínico de la clínica Ibarra(2024-09-01) Jaramillo Castro, Jaquelin Liseth Bioquímica Clínica; Jaramillo Ruales, Evelyn Katherine Magister. Bioquímica ClínicaPathogenic bacteria that exhibit Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) have become an increasingly significant public health issue. In recognition of this global threat, the World Health Assembly adopted the AMR Action Plan, aimed at implementing strategies, surveillance tools, and networks of specialized laboratories to help reduce its spread. Based on this problem, the present investigation was proposed as an objective to determine the to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogenic bacteria isolated in the microbiology department of the Clinical Laboratory at Clínica Ibarra during the period 2023-2024. For this purpose, a non-study experimental, cross sectional, descriptive, and observational study with a quantitative approach was conducted. Different pathogenic bacteria isolated and their susceptibility profiles were identified from all the samples received. Among the main results obtained a total of 265 positive microbiological samples were identified (215 urine, 49 secretions, 1 blood culture). Three main pathogenic agents were isolated, with the following frequencies: 66.8% Escherichia coli, 6.8% Proteus mirabilis, and 5.3% Enterococcus faecalis. Regarding susceptibility, the antibiotics with the highest sensitivity for Gram-negative bacteria were Amikacin, Ceftazidime, and Ceftriaxone, while for Gram-positive bacteria, they were Linezolid, Ciprofloxacin, and Vancomycin. Based on the data entered the Whonet system, a susceptibility chart was developed, which includes two areas of relevance in the institution: Outpatient Care and Emergency. Therefore, it is concluded that: Pathogenic agents were identified, with three being Gram-negative and two Gram-positive. Additionally, the primary causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs) was Escherichia coli, which was found to be sensitive to Fosfomycin. A susceptibility chart was also developed and presented for use in Clínica Ibarra.Item RESISTENCIA BACTERIANA A LOS ANTIMICROBIANOS EN PERSONAS POST COVID-19. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-08-19) Rovayo Ojeda, Erika Elizabeth; Vilcacundo Córdova, Mario FernandoAntimicrobial resistance is a serious health problem affecting the global population because medicines are becoming ineffective against pathogens. The sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic caused chaos in health systems, and in an effort to eradicate the virus, the inappropriate and unnecessary use of these medicines spread, worsening the problem. Although some progress was seen in the fight against antimicro b i al resistance at the beginning of the pandemic, the health emergency interrupted this advance. Health organizations recommend implementing systems to monitor and control the use of antibiotics, as it is essenti al to prevent the potential rise of the next pandemic, called "Antimicrobial Resistance." Despite these measur es, the results have been insufficient, with the development and strengthening of pathogens resistant to multipl e drugs being observed. This literature review has gathered information about the microorganisms that have shown higher levels of antimicrobial resistance during and after the pandemic, and the antimicrobials used for their treatment.Item “Caracterización físico – química y bacteriológica de aguas de la laguna de yambo de la zona central del Ecuador”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2019-01-01) Díaz Erriaz, Andrea del Pilar; Viteri Robayo, Carmen Patricia Ing. Mg.The present objective is to investigate the water quality of the Yambo lagoon, according to its physical, chemical and bacteriological characteristics, for which a quasi-experimental study was carried out, determining several water parameters according to TULSMA, obtaining high values mostly , the bacteria present in the lagoon water were determined, for this a 6 point sample of the lagoon was taken, both in the morning and in the afternoon; 3M petrifilm media for aerobic, S. aureus, coli / coliforms, were isolated from the latter, 98% of which was established by the WHO, so the identification of the type of bacteria was enhanced, and 8 types of bacteria were determined. belonging to the enterobacteria, finally proceeded to perform the antibiogram according to CLSI 2018.Item “Identificación de agentes bacterianos causantes de infecciones de oído y su relación con la resistencia a los antimicrobianos”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2018-02-01) Arias Negrete, María Fernanda.; Tabares Rosero, Lourdes Gioconda Dra. Mg.The aim of the present study was to identify the bacterial agents that cause ear infections and their relationship with antimicrobial resistance for which a descriptive, transversal study is proposed, where bacteria were identified present in the ear secretion samples from patients using protocols established by CLSI and also bacterial resistance using the Kirby-Bauer antibiogram method. The 55 patients who participated in the study were in the age range between 18 to 55 years. From cultured samples the isolated bacteria were: Staphylococcus epidermidis with a percentage of 62.0%, Staphylococcus aureus with a percentage of 32.0% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a percentage of 6.0%. By relating the bacteria identified with ear infections we can say that Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomona aeruginosa are considered pathogenic bacteria and Staphylococcus epidermidis is considered a normal ear microbiota. It is possible to indicate that Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the only one that presents resistance to the antimicrobials of habitual use to the ear treatment infections.Item "Determinación de bacteria pseudomona aeruginosa en el área de hospitalización varones y mujeres, del hospital general docente Ambato y su relación con infecciones nosocomiales”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2017-01-01) Ullsco Tubón, Chrystiam David; Salazar Garcés, Dolores Krupskaya Lic. Mg.The present project of research had as objective main determine the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its relationship with resistance bacterial in the the area of hospitalization of the Hospital teaching Ambato. He study was carried out through tests of laboratory which were the culture and antibiogram by the method Kirby Bauer with which is could verify the hypothesis. The study was conducted in 413pacientes which was performed in 125 tests are men which means 30.7%; and 228 are women representing the 69.7 per cent; the ages the greater amount of patients this between them 26 and them 50 years coming to represent the 38.7% of the shows. Them shows that were analyzed in the 413 patients, 339 is obtained that were samples of urine that correspond to the 82.1%, 40 samples of secretion tracheal that correspond to the 9.7% and 34 were samples of injured which means the 8.2%. but only 126 samples showed bacteria. The 126 samples cultured, the main causal bacteria of nosocomial infections in the hospitalisation area men and women, of the general hospital Professor Ambato are: E. Coli. with a percentage of 73%, p. aeruginosa with a percentage of 11.9%, Staphylococcus epidermidis with a rate of 7.9%, k. pneumoniae with a percentage of the 4.0% Staphylococcus aureus with a percentage of 3.2% of 15 antibiogram for the bacterium P. aeruginosa, 100% is resistant to Amoxicillin - Clavulanate and Cefepime, Cefotaxime to the 93.3%, Piperacillin - Tazobaclan 60%, Cefoxilim Sulfamethoxypyridazine - Sulfamethoxazole and Aztreonam the 86.7%, Ceftazidime and Meropenem to the 73.3%, Imipenem 53.3%, Amikacin 46.6%, 60% Fosfomycin. Is should do a study continuous of the incidence and prevalence of them microorganisms and have greater care with the management of the patient to avoid contaminationsItem Determinación de Blee Producidas por Klebsiella Pneumoniae y su Relacion con la Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-Carrera Laboratorio Clínico, 2016-05-01) Montaluisa Colcha, Mario Daniel; . Tabares Rosero, Lourdes Gioconda Dra. MgThe presence of therapeutic failure in Enterobacteriaceae infections has conducted this study to the mechanisms of resistance of these microorganisms and inactivating enzymes of the beta-lactam antibiotics (betalactamase)-producing bacteria are proven. Within the Group of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria are the so-called beta-lactamases of spread spectrum or ESBL able achieve bacterial resistance to cephalosporins of 3rd and 4ta generation, which is a serious problem in the treatment of infections in hospitalized patients in the Latacunga Hospital and by the importance of this health issue, proposed identify the presence of these microorganisms and their behavior in vitro to antimicrobial agents we use. The ss-lactam antimicrobials are the most used drugs for the treatment of bacterial infections, both at the level of the community as a hospital. The broad spectrum, low toxicity and the strongly bactericide on the majority of microorganisms are some of the causes of its extensive use. Hospitalized patients urine cultures were performed to determine the presence of these bacteria. 66.7% of the crops studied presented infection by Klebsiella pnemoniae and BLEE producing strains.