Ciencias de la Salud

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    Anemia Megaloblástica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-Carrera Medicina, 2016-09-01) Freire Montesdeoca, Juan Gabriel; Naranjo Perugachi, Jeaneth del Carmen Dra.
    This research aims to determine the cause of megaloblastic anemia, which depends on the treatment promoting studies to generate scientific evidence involved in the management of deficiency of vitamin B12 and folic acid and the resulting megaloblastic anemia. The most common causes of metabolic disorders megaloblastosis are vitamin B12 and folate (maturation factors). These involved in the transport of methyl, essential for cell proliferation and division. For this purpose in the current analysis, a clinical case of a male patient 63 years old with a history of Type 2 diabetes mellitus more hypertension patient attended the Emergency Teaching Hospital Ambato to present three weeks ago generalized fatigue with dizziness occurs , but paresthesia in lower limbs. On physical examination generalized paleness. Where it is entered and evaluated with laboratory tests meeting: HGB: 5.7 g / dL HCT: 17.1% MCV: 125.4 fl, MCH 41.9 pg, MCHC: 33.4 g / dl, PLT 87000 u / L. Urea in blood chemistry: 58.6 mg / dL, glucose 350.6 mg / dL, CREATININE 1.40 mg / dL. Where it is valued by deciding to transfuse Nephrology 3 packs Globular more treatment and Hematology orders who decide to perform additional tests quantification of Vitamin B12 + Folic acid and iron profile meeting ferritin 1753 mg / dL. A stable once the patient is discharged waiting for tests and bone marrow puncture, but for outpatient follow-up will be decided. It is not possible to establish behavioral changes regarding risk factors and progression, so that the neglect of both the patient, family, and poor monitoring and control by primary care, allowing the disease to progress. For this case the pattern of research should be tailored to each patient, giving importance to the clinical presentation. In laboratory settings with limited facilities, a therapeutic trial of vitamin B12 or folic acid is useful to determine the specific vitamin deficient megaloblastic anemia. During the analysis we can infer that both folate and vitamin B12 are essential to the human body components, so the lack of these nutrients can cause not only anemia but also alterations at the cellular level, which will reveal to the range of clinical manifestations present. In turn, the deficit thereof, constitutes a risk factor for cardiovascular, oncological diseases and pregnant women cause neonatal pathologies. At the end of the improvement opportunities, to the author, can be important and desirable to improve the management and the recording of individuals with these diseases are discussed.