Ciencias de la Salud

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Subject: search.filters.subject.CIRUGÍA

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    FACTORES DE RIESGO ASOCIADOS A COMPLICACIONES DE ANASTOMOSIS COLORRECTAL EN CIRUGÍA COLÓNICA
    (2025-06-16) Ricachi Guevara, Steven Alexander; Cadena Baquero, Juan Carlos; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
    Postoperative complications in colorectal surgery can significantly impact patient health. Therefore, this study aims to identify the risk factors associated with postoperative complications in colorectal anastomosis to optimize clinical decision-making through an up-to-date literature review. Studies published between 2019 and 2024 were reviewed using databases such as PUBmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. Out of 10,000 initial articles, 41 relevant studies were selected. The findings reveal that comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, obesity, liver cirrhosis, and autoimmune disorders increase the risk of postoperative complications, including anastomotic dehiscence, severe infections, and prolonged hospital stays. In adition, factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, anemia, and hypoalbuminemia negatively affect wound healing and postoperative recovery. The discussion highlights the influence of these factors on tissue perfusion, healing, and infection susceptibility, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in preoperative and postoperative management. Finally, it has been concluded that personalized preoperative strategies and the appropriate selection of surgical techniques are essential to effectively reduce morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.
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    VISIÓN GENERAL SOBRE LAS NUEVAS TÉCNICAS EN EL MANEJO DE LA OSTEOMIELITIS AGUDA Y CRÓNICA
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-09-26) Cevallos Mejía, Ariel Mateo; Toctaquiza Silva, Roberto Carlos
    Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the bone and is caused by an infectious process that leads to inflammation. This process represents a high morbidity and as a consequence could lead to disability. The most common microorganisms related to the pathology are Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. There are two well-defined forms, acute and chronic, which are differentiated by the presence of necrotic bone. Acute osteomyelitis is of hematogenous cause and is predominant in pediatric age, and it is important to note that in the initial stages we will not find dead bone; and the difference with chronic osteomyelitis is that here we do find necrotic bone, product of the arrival of pathogens to a bone affected by surgery or trauma. The therapeutic approach is multidisciplinary and depends on the stage of the disease and its classification, and is based on six fundamental pillars: surgical debridement, microbiological diagnosis, obliteration of the dead space, antibiotic therapy directed to the causative microorganisms and finally the reconstruction of soft tissues and bone.
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    “Cirugía meniscal y ligamentaria con complicaciones de artritis séptica en paciente femenina futbolista”
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Terapia Física, 2017-10-01) Espinosa Navas, Mariana Consuelo; Córdova Velasco, Luis Ernesto Dr.
    The present clinical case study entitled "MENISCAL AND LIGAMENTARY SURGERY WITH COMPLICATIONS OF SEPTIC ARTHRITIS IN A FEMALE FOOTBOLIST PATIENT", talk about of a patient, she´s 22 years old, female, soccer player and student of Civil Engineering. The patient presented LCA rupture and meniscal involvement after a direct trauma during a sports match. Reconstruction surgery of the aforementioned structures is compromised by the presence of microorganisms typical of septic arthritis, which is the reason because the patient is surgically operated on several occasions and concluding in the application of a delayed physiotherapeutic treatment. With the final diagnosis of LCA reconstruction and with a total elimination of the microorganisms that caused inflammation in the knee the patient begins with a plan of treatment of Physiotherapy seeking to reincorporate to their daily activities and partly possible to their sports skills with the least possible sequels in The affected limb
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    Manga Gástrica en Tratamiento para Obesidad Mórbida y sus complicaciones
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-Carrera Medicina, 2016-10-01) Vizcaíno Bautista, Mauricio Vladimir; Pancho Zela, Marlon Mauricio Dr.
    The sleeve gastrectomy is a surgical procedure for the treatment of morbid obesity indicated in people with higher BMI (body mass index) of 40 kg / m2 or BMI of 35 to 39.9 kg / m2 more severe comorbidities. Obesity is a disease whose prevalence is increasing both in Ecuador and in the rest of the world. Poor diet and insufficient physical activity were the main risk factors for this alarming increase. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, cancer, bone and joint disease and other diseases that significantly impair the quality of life of people. Clinical Case Analysis: male patient aged 43 underwent bariatric surgery for morbid obesity grade II, body mass index (BMI) 38.5 more comorbidities, hypertension, diabetes mellitus II, herniated disc L4 and L3, and eating disorder. Checks before bariatric surgery do not yield to pharmacological and non-pharmacological conventional medical treatment. Latacunga IESS Hospital, Surgery department with corresponding conducting pre-surgical examination performed surgical procedure without complications. On the third day post-surgical patient presented left upper quadrant pain of great intensity and apparent cause ingestion of solid foods. Dren with liquid odor, suspicious clinical picture compatible to more peritonitis secondary dehiscence suture. Patient underwent surgery again where fetid liquid contained approximately 20cc is evidenced, subsequently suture level reaching the diagnosis of gastric fistula is performed.