Ciencias de la Salud
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Item ESTRATEGIAS NUTRICIONALES EN PACIENTES CON ALZHEIMER. UNA REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-20) Llerena Llerena, Lesly Dayanara; Cruz Hidalgo, Pablo AndresAlzheimer's disease is a growing neurodegenerative condition for the aging population worldwide, and is one of the most common forms of dementia; where nutritional status plays an important role in the prevention and management of this pathology. The objective of this research is to review the latest updates on nutritional strategies in patients with Alzheimer's disease. A systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted. Updated studies that provided nutritional knowledge as strategies in the management of patients with Alzheimer's and recommendations were included. Articles from the last 5 were selected such as: Google Scholar, Elsevier, Sciencedirect, Scielo, Pubmed, Mendeley. Through a database screening of 20 scientific articles, taking into account inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 high-level evidence investigations were introduced into this study as part of the discussion of nutritional strategies. The consulted research indicates the timely detection of the risk of malnutrition supported by MNA screening, introduction of nutrients in the diet such as antioxidants and antiinflammatories, modification of texture and consistency of foods. Evidence supports that the Mediterranean diet and DASH are more effective for their neuroprotective benefits in Alzheimer's disease.Item La depresión y su influencia en las funciones cognitivas en los adultos mayores del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social de la provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud / Carrera de Psicología Clínica, 2022-04-01) Segarra Valencia, Fernando David; Valencia Cepeda, María Cristina Psi. Cl. ,MgThe purpose of the present research is to substantiate the prevalence of depression and its influence on cognitive function in older adults the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security of the province of Tungurahua; for studying depression scale Yasavage which is a hetero-administered questionnaire in people over 65 was used, this survey reflects 15 items, in the same way the cognitive test (MEC) is applied to assess the cognitive status and comprehensive; in which questions that analyze some areas of cognitive functioning arises: orientation, registration, attention, calculation, memory and language in the elderly because of depression in these is a protective factor of relapse, cognitive impairment and suicidal behavior because it allows among others the remission of / as patients to health services and access or timely treatment of identified cases.Item Estrategia de evaluación neuroinmunológica y preclínica en la edad adulta tardía en una población de la sierra ecuatoriana(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2022-03-01) Basantes Ortega, Diana Evelin; Ramos Ramírez Bqf. Mg, Martha Ceciliaz Bqf. MgThe research topic is based on the determination of neuroimmunological evaluation strategies and preclinical evaluation in late adulthood of a population of the Ecuadorian Sierra, the study was carried out in the city of Ambato belonging to the province of Tungurahua with a total of 100 Outpatient. The research proposed is qualitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, because the job occupation, level of cognitive ability, family environment and problem-solving capacity were determined, this research project was carried out in the Provincial Board of Tungurahua in the period of September - October 2021, the selection of the patients was given by inclusion and exclusion criteria in such a way that only 43 patients met these criteria, psychological tests such as the mini-mental and the unified scale for Parkinson's were applied in order to evaluate their present symptoms and signs . In addition, 39 cases of Alzheimer's disease were obtained since they presented memory loss with slow evolution, affectation in thought and language, on the other hand, 4 cases of chronic dementia were obtained, that is, Parkinson's disease due to the onset of scrapie and advanced age.Item Perfil epidemiológico de síndrome de fragilidad en adultos mayores(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-03-01) Moya Moya, Erica Pricila; Herrera López, José Luis Lic. Mg.Introduction: The epidemiological profile associated with frailty syndrome aims to inform to health professionals about the parameters which should be considered for a correct clinical assessment. Hence, the clinical patient can count on an early treatment, which could suppress adverse health events such as: disability, increased morbidity, mortality, dependence and falls. Therefore, the patient's quality of life will improve and functional deterioration will decrease. Objective: To draw up an frailty syndrome's epidemiological profile in elderly people based on information collected at the San Miguelito's Health Centre located in Píllaro - Ecuador. Methods: The data collection instrument will correspond to three phases, the first one seeks the recognition of the area of influence of the study, in this case is the canton Santiago de Píllaro, the second phase will concern the coverage of the study subjects by sociodemographic and age particularities, finally, to establish the instrument is a priority to validate through the pathological features determined by the authors cited. This information is derived from the Ministry of Public Health (MSP), through the clinical histories of the patients. In addition to this, descriptive statistics were used, as well as measures of central tendency, with the purpose of explaining how the different aspects interact by means of cross tables elaborated in spreadsheets. Results: Frailty is associated with age around 75.72 years with an standard deviation of 7.16. On the other hand, the diseases with the highest presence per case study are sarcopenia (22.75% - 78.17 years), Hypertension (22.10% - 76.80 years), Diabetes (10.065% - 76.54 years), Anaemia (9.63 - 79.61 years) and Depression (6.37 - 78.83 years). Conclusions: Regarding to the epidemiological profile's elaboration, not only those ailments with the highest incidence in the health centre, but also their contrast with age were taken into account.Item Deterioro cognitivo en el adulto mayor y su relación con la funcionalidad familiar(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrados, 2022-03-01) Bustamante Yánez, Diego Fernando Md.; Patricio, Rodrigo Maldonado Dr. Esp.Introduction: Aging produces physiological changes that produce symptoms, which are organized into geriatric syndromes, one of the main ones is cognitive impairment, which can produce functional limitations, making older adults dependent on caregivers and generally This responsibility falls on the family group, leading to problems that alter family functionality. Objective: To determine cognitive impairment in the elderly and its relationship with family functionality. Methodology: An investigation was carried out with a quantitative and qualitative approach, with a cross-sectional. epidemiological design. 65 years or more who belong to the Pataín neighborhood of the Panzaleo Parish. The sample was determined, by nonprobabilistic convenience sampling, as it was a small population, in this sense, the sample was 141 participants older than 65 years of age or older who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, at Two instruments were applied, the first for the assessment of cognitive impairment Photo test and the perception test of family functioning (FF-SIL), for the assessment of family functionality. Results: It was determined that cognitive impairment in older adults is 30%, dementia in 2%, dysfunctional families and severely dysfunctional families in 36% and 11% respectively, in addition there is a statistically significant association with a p <0.005 between cognitive impairment and alterations in family functionality, on the other hand, it was found that there are demographic factors such as educational level and age that are associated with cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Cognitive alterations in the elderly are underdiagnosed, which determine problems of family functionality. Timely diagnosis as well as proper management, where health personnel participate in the whole with the family, are valid strategies to maintain an older adult and a functional familyItem “Habilidades motoras finas y gruesas y su relación con las funciones cognitivas en adultos mayores de la parroquia Picaihua”(2020-02-01) Aguilar Muñoz, Jessica Dayana; Ortiz Villalba, Paola Gabriela Lcda. Mg,The cognitive functions of the human being tend to deteriorate over time or due to the presence of pathological conditions, often affecting older adults. Thus, the objective of this research was to determine the relationship between fine and gross motor skills with cognitive functions in the elderly of Picaihua Tungurahua through physiotherapeutic intervention. Since, there is a higher prevalence in older adults due to their lifestyle and their high percentage of illiteracy. An intervention protocol was applied with a sample of 58 older adults, both men and women aged between 65 and ≥87, for 28 sessions, 3 times a week and each 40-45 minutes for 12 weeks. The evaluation was carried out at the beginning and at the end of the treatment through the Mini Mental State Examination. This treatment consisted of exercises of working memory, fine and gross motor skills, calculation, orientation and concentration, managing to increase from 1 to 5 points in the applied test according to the initial patients’ clinical conditions.Item “Abordaje fisioterapéutico en adultos mayores con deterioro cognitivo a través del método perfetti en el centro geriátrico del cantón Salcedo”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Terapia Física, 2020-02-01) Sarabia Santamaría, Andrea Judith; Latta Sánchez, María AugustaLcda. Mg.The purpose of this research work is the physiotherapeutic application through the Perfetti Method in older adults with mild cognitive impairment of the Geriatric Center of Canton Salcedo. This study is descriptive, observational and cross-sectional: The assessment instruments used were: the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) that assesses the cognitive status of older adults and the Barthel Index (IB) to assess the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL). A population sample of 10 older adults, 8 men and 2 women, between 61 and 87 years of age, with a low level of education is acquired. The IB results are an average of 88 points out of 100, which represents a low dependency to execute the AVD. The initial assessment of MoCA in this population gives an average result of 20.1 which corresponds to a Slight Cognitive Impairment. A program of basic cognitive exercises of the Perfetti Method is designed, with eight sessions of therapeutic application, lasting approximately 30 minutes. Finally, a final reevaluation is performed with the help of the MoCA test and an average result of 25.7 is achieved by framing a normal degree of cognitive impairment. This means that through the learning of tasks that include motor behaviors, and memory, healthy aging can be maintained.Item “Relación entre las funciones cognitivas y habilidades motoras finas y gruesas en adultos mayores de la parroquia de Atahualpa y el Cantón Cevallos ”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Terapia Física, 2020-02-01) Chalco Vargas, Gabriela Alexandra; Ortiz Villalba Lcda. Mg., Paola GabrielaThe present work aimed to determine the relationship between cognitive functions and motor skills in older adults in Atahualpa and Cevallos - Tungurahua. The research belongs to the project “Neural plasticity and mechanisms of adaptation in the third age to preexisting pathological neurological conditions” from which the present study topic is derived, based on the macro project, with resolution number 0905-CU-P-2018. Older adults are a fundamental part of the society. It is essential to provide attention and security to this population and it is of social interest to study them because they are individuals who contributed to society for many years of their lives. The cognitive functions of them suffer significant deterioration over the years. In the research, a plan of physiotherapeutic treatment was applied that included physical and cognitive exercises of working memory, attention, concentration, perception and motor skills. In Atahualpa - Tungurahua 19 sessions were performed, 3 times per week with during 30 - 45 minutes per session for 9 weeks. In Cevallos – Tungurahua the period of intervention were 35 sessions, 4 times per week for 30 - 45 minutes per session for 12 weeks. According to the initial patients´ clinical conditions it was possible to incresa from 1 to 5 points in the Mini Mental State Examination.Item “Alteración de estrategias motoras asociadas a la marcha en el adulto mayor con deterioro cognitivo”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Terapia Física, 2019-02-01) Valverde Espinosa, Anaís Paulina; Cobo Sevilla, Verónica de los Ángeles Lcda MSc.This research aims as objective to establish the relationship that exists between the motor strategies associated with walking in the elderly and cognitive impairment. The study was carried out through the data of the Project “PLATFORM OF TV REHABILITATION FOR OLDER ADULTS WHO PRESENT DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH DEMENTIA DISORDERS, BASED ON EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES” approved with Resolution 0352-CU-P-2017; of which the data of the cognitive deterioration score (mini-cognitive test) and the capture of the movement of the elderly in which the performance of the exercises was observed was used. The alterations in gait are of great impact in the elderly, due to the cognitive deterioration that considerably affects the motor functions. This generates a high interest in this research, since we can obtain results of how the motor strategies associated with the march, and relating to the cognitive deterioration are manifested. The digital tv-rehabilitation platform is used, with current technologies providing reliable data. Was taken as reference “Proposal for the evaluation of motor control for people with movement disorders” for the preparation of the performance observation sheet of the motor strategies associated with the march, which that an analysis of the avatar was realized in movement, applying to eight elderly adults which cognitive impairment of the macro project. There was applied the coefficient of Pearson’s correlation to demonstrate, the correlation of the level of cognitive deterioration of the elderly with the alterations of the motor strategies presented during the marchItem “Correlación entre el deterioro cognitivo y movilidad articular de miembro inferior en adultos mayores que presentan trastornos asociados a la demencia.”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Terapia Física, 2019-02-01) Osorio Logroño, Valeria Alexandra; Latta Sánchez, María Augusta Lcda. Mg.Currently there are few relevant data on the topic in Ecuador, so that research is important since it will investigate on the cognitive decline and joint mobility of the lower limb in older adults who have disorders associated with dementia, since at the time of performing dual task or walking exercises these are motor acts where there is the combined action between cognitive function and the musculo-skeletal system. The research according to the method of study is descriptive and observational. In addition it is quali-quantitative as used the mini-mental test and the statistical data that shows the platform are handled. The study was conducted in the Telerehabilitation and Analysis Laboratory of the human body of the Physical Therapy Course at the Faculty of Health Sciences. The research line of this study is epidemiology. And it is concluded that there is a correlation between cognitive impairment and joint mobility of the lower limb, since all the older adults of the research have cognitive impairment and do not reach the standard values, therefore they have lower joint range.