Ciencias de la Salud
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Item Resistencia antimicrobiana en enterobacterias productora de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido blee aislada de aguas residuales.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2024-09-01) Malán Tacuamán, Gabriela Estefanía Licenciada; Vilcacundo Córdova, Mario Fernando Licenciado MásterLa resistencia antimicrobiana causada por enterobacterias productoras de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) en aguas residuales representa un problema crítico de salud pública a nivel mundial. La presencia de antibióticos y microorganismos patógenos en aguas residuales no tratadas, especialmente aquellas provenientes de entornos clínicos, crea condiciones ideales para el desarrollo y diseminación de cepas bacterianas resistentes, lo que amplifica el riesgo de propagación de infecciones resistentes a múltiples fármacos. En este contexto, se realizó un estudio cuasi experimental, transversal y descriptivo, cuyo objetivo fue analizar la resistencia antimicrobiana en enterobacterias productoras de BLEE aisladas de aguas residuales recolectadas de un laboratorio clínico de alta complejidad. Para ello, se recolectaron 16 muestras de aguas residuales, las cuales fueron procesadas siguiendo los lineamientos establecidos en la Norma NTE INEN 2169:2013. La identificación microbiológica de las enterobacterias productoras de BLEE se llevó a cabo utilizando el medio de cultivo diferencial CHROMagar BLEE, y los patrones de resistencia a los antimicrobianos se evaluaron mediante el uso de la placa Sensititre para bacterias Gram negativas. De las muestras analizadas, el 37.6% (n=6) resultaron positivas para enterobacterias productoras de BLEE, siendo Escherichia coli la especie más frecuentemente aislada, con un 57.1% de los casos (n=4), seguida por Pseudomonas sp, Klebsiella sp y Enterobacter sp. Se observó una alta resistencia a las cefalosporinas de tercera generación y a los monobactámicos, lo que evidencia la capacidad de estas bacterias para evadir tratamientos antimicrobianos comunes. Los resultados de este estudio indican que las aguas residuales provenientes de laboratorios clínicos contienen una cantidad significativa de enterobacterias productoras de BLEE con resistencia multimicrobiana, lo que constituye un riesgo latente para la salud pública. En respuesta a esta problemática, es imperativo desarrollar e implementar un manual de procedimientos para el adecuado manejo y tratamiento de las aguas residuales en estos entornos, con el fin de evitar la propagación de microorganismos resistentes y proteger tanto la salud pública como el medio ambiente, reduciendo así la diseminación de patógenos multirresistentes en la comunidad.Item “Caracterización fisicoquímica y bacteriológica de las aguas de la laguna de limpiopungo de la zona central del Ecuador”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2019-10-01) Brito Galarza, Gabriela Estefania; Galárraga Pérez, Edison Arturo Dr. Mg.The Limpiopungo Lagoon is a tourist attraction of the Cotopaxi National Park, in the place it is possible to make walks and enjoy the associated flora and fauna, the presence of two threatened species should be highlighted: the condor of the Andes, and the Andean bandurria, For the preservation of this lagoon, it is necessary to know what physical chemical and bacteriological characteristics its waters present, which is why this research raises the topic “Physicochemical and bacteriological characterization of the waters of the Limpiopungo Lagoon of the central zone of Ecuador”, with the purpose of physicochemical characterization of the waters of the Limpiopungo Lagoon. With a quantitative approach used to measure physical-chemical parameters obtaining concrete data, these figures allowed to know the water quality index, the quantification of the colonies of existing bacteria in 100 milliliters of water from the Limpiopungo Lagoon was found with the use of 3M Petrifilm, the samples were taken four times twice (morning and afternoon) in six different places. For the identification of bacteria of sanitary importance in the samples cultures were carried out using chromogen-enriched agar agents such as the EMB that allowed to show a variation of the coloration, which makes the research also qualitative. The procedures of sampling, handling and conservation of water are regulated according to Technical Standard: Nte INEN 2169: 2013, in the investigation each literal was applied rigorously. An identification process was carried out through the application of cultures and biochemical tests, contributing to the recognition of six strains, later inoculated, with the purpose of evaluating their behavior against 9 antibiotics (SAM, IMP, CTX, CN, AK, TE , OFX, F, SXT), determining 100% sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella Ozaenae strains; Klebsiella rhinoescleromatis and Enterobacter cloacae, had a 89% sensitivity; intermediate resistance of the Escherichia coli strain against Nitrofurantoin (F); Serratia marcescens a resistant bacterial response to Ampicillin + sulbactam (SAM) and Nitrofurantoin (F) was observed. Through the Water Quality Index, it is considered that the waters of the Limpiopungo Lagoon are acceptable to the population, placing it in a range of 95%.Item “Determinación de betalactamasas de espectro extendido tipo AMPC en cepas de escherichia coli y su relación con la resistencia antimicrobiana”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2017-10-01) Álvarez Medina, Darío Alejandro; Toro Villa, Lissette del Pilar Lcda. Mg.AmpC Betalactamasas are cephalosporinases produced by Enterobacterias and are considered clinically important because they can generate resistance to penicillin’s, cephalosporin’s, cefamycins and monobactams, and are poorly inhibited by clavulanic acid, which reduces therapeutic options and increases the chances of a Therapeutic failure during treatment. One of the main Enterobacteria is Escherichia coli which is the main agent of urinary tract infections in 95% of cases. The present investigation focused on determining Extended Spectrum Betalactamasas and AmpC Betalactamasas in patients with infections of the urinary tract that go to the Provincial General Hospital of Latacunga. The research focus was qualitative-quantitative, applying field, laboratory, descriptive and correlational research. Forty strains of Escherichia coli were isolated using urinecultures and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was established by the diffusion disc method on Muller Hinton agar by the Kirby Bauer technique and was considered as suspicious strains to Extended Spectrum Betalactamasas to all those that presented inhibition halos ≤ 27 mm to Aztreonam and Cefotaxime, ≤ 25 mm a Ceftriaxone, ≤ 22 mm to Ceftazidime and if there was deformation of halos in the form of "egg" or "fish tail". These strains were confirmed by CLSI recommendations with discs combined with inhibitors with Cefotaxime-Clavulanic acid and Cefotaxime and Ceftazidime-Clavulanic acid and Ceftazidime discs. On the other hand, for the detection of AmpC Betalactamasas was used the test by the method of double disc synergy and disc method combined with inhibitors. To ensure quality control, the instructions in the CLSI manual M100-S24 and the use of the strain Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 were followed. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics using the Microsoft Excel program, where the frequency of Escherichia coli with Extended Spectrum Betalactamasas was 15%, and Escherichia coli with AmpC Betalactamasas was 5%, most of which affected the female sex. It was concluded that there is a relationship between the determinations of Extended Spectrum Betalactamases type AmpC in strains of Escherichia coli with antimicrobial resistance.Item “Identificación de la flora bacteriana presente en los móviles telefónicos del personal que labora en el área de microbiología y la relación con el reporte de sus resultados”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2017-01-01) Cedeño Moreira, Anlly Lissette; Tabares Rosero, Lourdes Gioconda Dra. Mg.The identification of the flora bacterial present in them mobile telephone is has suggested in the personal that works in the Area of Microbiology, of the Hospital General teaching Ambato knowing that can exist others factors that can alter them results of them reports of the samples analyzed. For the study is included them 30 mobile telephone of them professional of the health that working in the area of Microbiology, with them samples taken of screen, edges and part rear, is performed them analysis microbiological, is identified Staphylococcus epidermidis corresponding to the 27.8%, Staphylococcus aureus corresponding to the 11.1% and not presented growth the 61.1% these bacteria that are identified correspond to flora normal of the skin. Escherichia coli corresponding to the 22.2%, Klebsiella pneumoniae corresponding to 5.6% and showed growth the 75.5% corresponding to normal flora of the digestive tract, e. broccoli belongs also to the coliform group. The degree of contamination was variable, however only the 33.3% of them samples of them mobile not presented pollution bacterial. Them reports of results of the area of Microbiology not be see affected by pollution because of them mobile telephone as is found in them 74 reports, Streptococcus pneumoniae corresponding to the 25.7%, Staphylococcus aureus in a 10.8%, Escherichia coli in a 24.3%, Klebsiella sp in a 18.9%, Citrobacter in un.4%, P. mirabillis in a 2.7%, Neisseria catarrhalis in a 8.1%, Klebsiella pneumoniae in a 8.1%. The bacteria that are identified in the mobile telephone were Enterobacteriaceae and coliforms fecal, considered as contaminants by wrong toilet after occupy the bathroom.Item Determinación de Enterobacterias Mediante Coprocultivo y su Relación con Gastroenteritis no Parasitaria en Pacientes Adultos que Residen en el Cantón Pujilí - Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-Carrera Laboratorio Clínico, 2016-11-01) Herrera Durán, Magaly Johana; Salazar Garcés, Dolores Krupskaya Lcda. Mg.The research project was conducted in the area of Microbiology play an important role when analyzing biological samples, which helps with the diagnosis of the origin of infectious diseases. The objective of this project was to investigate the types of bacteria that are causing acute gastroenteritis bacterial disease (GEBA), it was done with stool samples collected from residents adult patients from Pujili Canton by a pure culture, on selective and specific media, with an incubation of 24 to 48 hours in which to get a better result was complemented by biochemical tests as TSI (triple sugar iron), SIM (sulfur, indo, mobility), urea and citrate, of this way to identify the gender and species of the bacteria and finally a reseeding was done in the Agar Mueller Hinton to verify the susceptibility testing with the use of sensitivity discs broad spectrum, for which a bacterial dilution was performed with the standard 0.5 of the MacFarland turbidity scale. The result was a population of 450 patients between 20 and 65 years old who attend to the Clinical Laboratory, after inclusion and exclusion criteria, a sample of 80 patients women / men who have had symptoms of GEBA was obtained. So in this research project it was concluded that, 44 samples correspond to 55% which had growth of Escherichia. coli, 24 samples are equivalent to 30% of Salmonella spp development, and finally 12 samples corresponding to 15% of growth of Klebsiella oxytoca, reaching 100% of total samples, investigating the predisposing factors for appearance of GEBA, it was concluded that most cases are due to food contamination , and lack of personal hygieneItem Determinación de Blee Producidas por Klebsiella Pneumoniae y su Relacion con la Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-Carrera Laboratorio Clínico, 2016-05-01) Montaluisa Colcha, Mario Daniel; . Tabares Rosero, Lourdes Gioconda Dra. MgThe presence of therapeutic failure in Enterobacteriaceae infections has conducted this study to the mechanisms of resistance of these microorganisms and inactivating enzymes of the beta-lactam antibiotics (betalactamase)-producing bacteria are proven. Within the Group of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria are the so-called beta-lactamases of spread spectrum or ESBL able achieve bacterial resistance to cephalosporins of 3rd and 4ta generation, which is a serious problem in the treatment of infections in hospitalized patients in the Latacunga Hospital and by the importance of this health issue, proposed identify the presence of these microorganisms and their behavior in vitro to antimicrobial agents we use. The ss-lactam antimicrobials are the most used drugs for the treatment of bacterial infections, both at the level of the community as a hospital. The broad spectrum, low toxicity and the strongly bactericide on the majority of microorganisms are some of the causes of its extensive use. Hospitalized patients urine cultures were performed to determine the presence of these bacteria. 66.7% of the crops studied presented infection by Klebsiella pnemoniae and BLEE producing strains.