Ciencias de la Salud

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    DISRUPTORES ENDOCRINOS: UN RIESGO EN LA SALUD REPRODUCTIVA DE LAS MUJERES
    (2025-06-18) Balladares Mise, Evelyn Jhomayra; Gavilanes Saenz. Victor Patricio; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
    Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are substances that have hormonal activity and are found in the environment. They can interfere with various physiological processes in humans and animals, affecting systems such as the central nervous, endocrine, bone and immune systems. The objective of the research is to evaluate the impact of endocrine disruptors on women's reproductive health. The methodology consisted of a bibliographic study, for which various databases of relevance in the medical and scientific field were used; include PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, and Google Scholar. Endocrine disruptors interfere with this system by mimicking, blocking or altering the production, release, transport or elimination of natural hormones. In conclusion, exposure to endocrine disruptors represents a significant concern due to their ability to interfere with the endocrine system, crucial for hormonal regulation and reproductive health in humans.
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    DETERMINACIÓN DE COLINESTERASA SÉRICA EN AGRICULTORES EXPUESTOS A ORGANOFOSFORADOS DE LA PARROQUIA SANTA ROSA CANTÓN AMBATO
    (2025-02-25) Toalombo Caisa, Jennifer Johanna; Guangasig Toapanta, Víctor Hernán; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico
    The use of pesticides, essential for increasing agricultural productivity, has been crucial since the 20th century to ensure food security in the face of population growth. Among these, organophosphates stand out for their high toxicity and widespread use, particularly in developing countries. Exposure to organophosphate pesticides is a critical issue for the health of agricultural workers, as it is associated with the inhibition of serum cholinesterase. The aim of this research was to evaluate serum cholinesterase levels as an indicator of exposure to organophosphate pesticides in farmers from the Santa Rosa parish and to analyze the associated risk factors. The study employed a cross-sectional, observational, and analytical approach. The sample included 53 farmers selected based on inclusion criteria. A colorimetric method was used to measure serum cholinesterase, and structured surveys were employed to gather information on personal protective equipment (PPE) use and agricultural practices. The data were analyzed using statistical tests such as correlations and chi-square tests. The results showed that 9.4% of the farmers had a decrease in serum cholinesterase activity, associated with unsafe practices such as inadequate use of PPE (41.51%) and a high frequency of spraying (25.81%). It was concluded that prolonged exposure to organophosphates affects the health of farmers, emphasizing the need for regular monitoring of serum cholinesterase and training programs on safe agricultural practices. The proposal of this study is to implement surveillance systems and promote the proper use of PPE to reduce associated risks.
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    Determinación de alteraciones hematológicas en agricultores de 25 a 60 años de edad que forman parte de la asociación artesanal de producción de bienes agrícolas y pecuarios del cantón Píllaro (abapp) expuestos a organofosforados durante el período octubre - diciembre 2022
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-01) Toapanta Toapanta, Evelin Aracely; Rosero Freire, Daniela Alexandra Lcda. Mg.
    Organophosphates are one of the most used types of pesticides in the agricultural sector, their purpose is the control and elimination of pests. However, their indiscriminate use and lack of precaution when handling them can become a health risk for farmers. The objective of this research is to determine hematological alterations in farmers who are part of the Artisanal Association for the Production of Agricultural and Livestock Goods of the Píllaro canton (ABAPP) exposed to organophosphate pesticides, for which a study was carried out with a quantitative approach of type descriptive, where univariate and bivariate analysis was performed. The study population consisted of 64 farmers, aged between 25 and 60 years who are part of ABAPP, of which 56.3% are women and 43.8% are men. The results showed that 17.2% of the population present at least one alteration in the cell lines, among the alterations found are reported an increase in red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, eosinophilia and monocytopenia were also present. It is concluded thatxv exposure to organophosphate pesticides can cause health problems in agricultural workers.
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    Efectos de los plaguicidas sobre la salud humana en una comunidad de agricultores
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-10-13) Vargas Sunta, Ivan Francisco; Moyano Calero, Willian
    The development of agriculture and the maintenance of crops is accompanied by activities that require not only physical effort, but also hours of continuous exposure to chemical products that can have effects on people's health. Many times, the risk is not only due to exposure, but there are factors such as ignorance that make it difficult for this work activity to be carried out adequately. The objective is to analyze the effects of pesticides on human health in a community of farmers. The methodology used for this study was qualitative, carried out between the months of May and June 2022 with a total of 40 farmers from the Canton Quero province of Tungurahua. A semi-structured interview was applied, through which it was found that exposure to pesticides does have a great impact on the health of farmers, so that signs and symptoms suggestive of intoxication develop. The technical ignorance of the use and management of pesticides is a determining factor for the development of symptoms with the greatest impact on health, the deficiency in the use of personal protection equipment aggravates the scenario of each farmer and the neurological symptoms are the ones that more are repeated among the individuals interviewed.
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    “Riesgos físico-químicos en gestantes que laboran en invernaderos de la parroquia San Miguel”
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Enfermería, 2018-05-01) Basantes Cañar, Silvia Lorena; Dalgo Flores, Violeta Maricela Ing. Mg.
    The research work raises as a topic Physico-chemical risks in pregnant women who work in greenhouses of the San Miguel parish, with the aim of identifying the physico-chemical risks in pregnant women who work in these greenhouses, as well as observing the protection measures used by the pregnant women at the time of working in the greenhouses of kidney tomato production. The present investigation is of quantitative and observational approach because the data of the observation guide is acquired to be analyzed and interpreted in a statistical way, allowing to obtain numerical data for the solution of the research problem and because the researcher is dedicated to observe the acts. The data obtained have been tabulated, analyzed and interpreted, which has allowed to know the physical and chemical risks to which the pregnant women who work in the greenhouses are exposed, being the physical risks of higher incidence people falling to the same level, effort, exposure to high sound levels and cuts by sharp cutting tools. The chemical risks identified are exposure to liquid and solid chemical agents. It can be concluded that the protection measures are mostly fulfilled and those that are not fulfilled are closely related to the physical-chemical risks to which the research participants are exposed.
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    “Riesgos físico - químicos en gestantes que laboran en invernaderos de la parroquia Antonio José Holguín”
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Enfermería, 2018-04-01) Porras Torres, Liliana Raquel; Dalgo Flores, Violeta Maricela Ing. Mg.
    This research entitled Physical - chemical risks in pregnant women who work in greenhouses of the Antonio José Holguín parish, is developed with the objective of identifying the physical - chemical risks to which the pregnant woman is exposed and also observe the measures of protection used by pregnant women when working in the flower production greenhouses of this parish. The data for the development of the research were obtained through the application of a guide of observation of the work performed by pregnant women in the greenhouses, which consists of 4 categories: Exposure to physical risks, chemical risks, compliance with protection measures and policies of prevention of occupational hazards. The information collection instrument has allowed obtaining relevant information to know the most relevant physical and chemical risks to which the pregnant women are exposed; results that have been tabulated and analyzed. The results of the identification of physical risks obtained in the research are as mentioned below: Regarding the falls of people at different levels is granted a percentage of 13%, being minimal but represented a risk of exposure during the practice of job. In the physical-fatigue subcategory with 47% the greatest risk is attributed to the position during the working day, with 13% cuts with sharps tools used in the work area also constitute an intolerable risk. Finally, exposure to extreme environmental temperatures results in 88%. All these risks can be reduced through good training. Chemical risks are significantly present within the work area due to the contact that workers have with these substances, so the exposure to liquid and solid chemical agents is obtained a percentage of 84% and 78% respectively, they show little importance on the use of measures and garments of protection obtaining the highest percentages regarding the non-use of gloves and masks with 62.5% and 81% respectively. All of the aforementioned risks are closely linked to non-compliance with occupational risk prevention and protection policies, presenting the highest rate in terms of complying with the rules, regulations and instructions of occupational safety and health programs that apply. in the workplace, as well as with the instructions given to them by their superior, represented by 91% the lack of compliance in terms of properly using the instruments and work materials, as well as the individual and collective protection equipment with a 63 % within the obligations of the employer. A non-compliance with the worker's rights of 81% is observed in the item that mentions that every worker will have access and will be guaranteed the right to first aid attention in cases of emergency arising from work accidents or sudden common illness. It is considered that all the risks presented above are due to the breach of the rules of the scope of work.
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    Factores laborales asociados a la Intoxicación crónica por inhibidores de la Colinesterasa en trabajadores agrícolas de San Vicente, Cantón Quero 2015-2016
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-Dirección de Posgrado, 2016-11-01) Robalino Travez, Teresa LilianaMd.; Sunta Ruiz Dr. Esp, Mario Leopoldo
    Introduction: A global pesticide use has increased, which implies a risk for the working population, but unfortunately did not use the correct protective equipment that relates for lack of knowledge, so that there is direct exposure. So the World Health Organization estimates that worldwide more than 750,000 people would present some kind of chronic effect by being in contact with pesticides Objective: To identify factors related to occupational chronic exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors in farm workers, San Vicente, Quero 2015-2016. Methodology: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study presents the universe of study constituted 200 farm workers took a sample of 97 but only 78 met the inclusion criteria. Results: It was noted that there is a misuse of pesticides by lack of information and training in 67% of agricultural workers. Protective equipment used boots were 100%, 20.5% mask and gloves 3.8%. In addition low levels of erythrocyte cholinesterase was identified in 84.4% of men and 39.9% in women, exposure time in years and the frequency of use is directly proportional; therefore the longer and more often exposed percent have low values. By analyzing neurological, neuropsychological and cognitive disorders, both men and women had involvement at all scale