Ciencias de la Salud
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Item INFLUENCIA DE LOS CARBO HIDRATOS SIMPLES EN LA PRESENCIA DEL CÁNCER: ARTÍCULO DE REVISIÓ N BIBLIOGRÁFICA(2025-06-18) Rojas Fernández, Andrea Alejandra; Hidalgo Morales, Kattyta Patricia; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaThe W arburg effect accelerates th e obtaining of en ergy by an aero bic glycolysis, therefore th ere is an increase in th e gro wth and proliferation of tumor cells, much of si mple carbohydrates inhibit th e positive effects in th e treatment of the oncological. It is esti mated th at by 2050 it will increase exponen tially to 35 million cancer p ati ents. Wi th preval ence in men of th e cervix of moth er and in men of prostate and bladder. This co mpreh ensive systematic revi ew is carri ed o ut in databases such as PubMed, Sci ELO, ProQuest, Mend eley, Di alnet, Google Scholar, and Research Gat e. With keywords such as: Diet -Carbohydrate s; Cancer; Hyperglycemia ; Simple Carbohydra tes, Glucose; fructose and Nutriti o n -Cancer. Nutrition and cancer, hyp erglycemi a. In ord er to know th e participati o n of carbohydrate metabolism in th e presence of cancer. Carbohydrates are important in th e h ealthy diet, as it is th e main so urce o f energy, and will d ep end on th e form of absorption (fast, slo w or resistan t); ho wever, nowad ays, it is important to use it. Excessive consump tion o f simpl e, refin ed sug ars and low quality carbohydrates with emp ty calories are booming, being an i mportant factor in the physiological alteration that influence the incidence o f physical and mental pathologies, including the various types of cáncer.Item Efectividad de un plan de entrenamiento HIIT sobre las personas con prediabetes(2025-03-11) Puruncajas Rodríguez, Cristina Isabel; Tello Moreno, Mónica Cristina; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de PosgradosPrediabetes is characterized by having blood glucose levels that are higher than normal, but not high enough to meet the diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes mellitus. This intermediate state predisposes people who suffer from it to precede diabetes. This research proposes a HIIT training plan as a method to reduce high glucose levels in people suffering from prediabetes, with the aim of testing the effectiveness of this training type prescribed and dosed by health personnel. This proposal was originated from the interest in improving the health conditions of the study population and at the same time providing an alternative, timely and effective treatment; and that it does not represent a high cost for the institution where it is developed. The research focuses on determining the effectiveness of the HIIT training plan in the treatment of people with prediabetes, in addition to the behavior of other physiological parameters during its execution. This analytical intervention project, with a quantitative, prospective, longitudinal and application-level approach. It was carried out at the Latacunga Type C Health Center with a 13-week intervention: the first week after the evaluation, the participant was adapted to the exercise, then the training plan was applied for 12 weeks and finally the effects after it were evaluated. The parameters evaluated are: VO2peak (6-minute step test), fasting glucose and risk of diabetes mellitus (FINDRISC). At last, the research findings reveal that HIIT training combined with a low-calorie diet is an effective intervention to improve several health indicators in people with prediabetes, such as: fasting glucose, VO2peak, HRsubmax and consequently the risk of developing diabetes.Item RELACIÓN ENTRE PERFIL LIPÍDICO Y RESISTENCIA A LA INSULINA EN ADULTOS MAYORES DE CENTROS GERONTOLÓGICOS DEL CANTÓN AMBATO(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-08-13) Endara Calderón, Juan Diego; Pacha Jara, Ana GabrielaThe present cross-sectional and descriptive research aimed to determine the relationship between lipid profile alterations and insulin resistance in elderly adults from gerontological centers in the Ambato canton. A blood sample was taken from 80 elderly adults for subsequent laboratory analysis, which included measurements of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin. The HOMA-IR index was used to evaluate insulin resistance. Additional l y, the weight and height of the participants were recorded to calculate their body mass index (BMI), and a survey was conducted to gather information about their lifestyl es and possible risk factors. The results showed that, of the 80 study participants, 27 individuals (34%) were of normal weight, 45 individuals (56%) were overweight, and 8 individuals (10%) were obese, according to the MSP of Ecuador and the WHO table for adult men and women. No statistically significant relationship was found between BMI and insulin resistanc e (p-value of 0.874), nor between the lipid profile and insulin resistance (p-value of 0.487). However, obesity remains an important risk factor for insulin resistance in the geriatric population. The study suggests that insulin resistance is influenced by multiple factors such as genetics, physical activity, and diet, and that BMI alone may not be sufficient to predict insulin resistance. Differences in body composition, lifestyles, and genetic factors can affect this relationship.Item RESISTENCIA A LA INSULINA Y FACTORES DE RIESGO EN LOS COMERCIANTES DE LOS MERCADOS SAN JUAN Y SAN LUIS DEL CANTÓN SANTIAGO DE PÍLLARO(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-08-05) Moreta Alajo, Sandra Amparo; Galárraga Pérez, Edison ArturoInsulin resistance is a condition in which the body's cells do not respond adequately to insulin, the hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. The objective is to evaluate the risk factors that predispose to insulin resistance in traders of the San Juan and San Luis markets of Canton Santiago de Píllaro. The research was an observational study of cross-secti o n al descriptive type, where 75 blood samples were analyzed, the analysis of fasting glucose and insulin and the HOMA-IR index was carried out. In addition, information was collected by means of a survey and calculation of the BMI of each of the merchants, and the results were analyzed using the IBM SPSS program. Of the 75 samples obtained 33 participants have insulin resistance. In determining the risk factors, a statistic a l ly significant correlation between patients with insulin resistance and body mass index was considered, with a correlation coefficient of 0.308 (Spearman) but it is considered a weak association. It can be concluded that the prevalence of developing insulin resistance was 44% in the market traders of Cantón Santiago de Píllaro.Item EFECTO CARDIOMETABÓLICO DE LOS INHIBIDORES DEL COTRANSPORTADOR DE SODIO Y GLUCOSA TIPO 2(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Olmedo Muñoz, Melissa Belén; Recalde Navarrete, Ricardo JavierType 2 diabetes mellitus has emerged as a leading cause of premature death and a growing threat to the healthcare system due to the high costs of medical care in the context of cardiovascular complications. We conducted a systematic electronic search of clinical trials published from 2015 to January 2023 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScieLO databases, which evaluated the efficacy and safety of the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease on standard therapy and their cost-effectiveness observing significantly lower rates of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular death and hospitalization due to heart failure when the study drugs were added to standard therapy. In addition, it was shown that the reduction in cardiovascular clinical events offset the cost of type 2 sodiumglucose cotransporter inhibitors, resulting in a cost-effective use of health care resources.Item La incidencia de diabetes en la población de 40 a 60 años en el casco urbano del cantón Pelileo mediante el uso de hemoglobina glicosilada(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-01) Cárdenas Cruz, Jefferson Danilo; Pacha Jara, Ana Gabriela Bqf. MgDiabetes is one of the diseases with the highest prevalence and incidence worldwide, for this reason, the measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin for the diagnosis of this pathology has become essential today. Several studies demonstrate the effectiveness of this laboratory test to determine signs of diabetes in the population. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence of diabetes in the population between 40 and 60 years of age in the urban area of Pelileo through the use of glycosylated hemoglobin, it was obtained as a result that 64% of the participants in this study were in a normal range, 26% presented a diagnosis of prediabetes and 10% of the study population was diagnosed with this pathology, by calculating the incidence, it was possible to observe that 13 out of 80 subjects develop this pathology. A sociodemographic survey was applied, in which information was collected such as age, preventive controls to prevent diabetes, family member suffering from diabetes, and the body mass index. It is concluded that glycosylated hemoglobin has a statistically significant relationship with the age variable p 0.005, the family variable suffering from diabetes p 0.000 and controls to prevent diabetes p 0.030 for the other variables applied in the survey no significance was foundItem Prevalencia de prediabetes en adultos de 25 a 85 años de una población Andina(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-08) Lucero Cujano, Jeniffer Natali; Pacha Jara, Ana GabrielaPrediabetes is one of the conditions that generate predisposition in the development of diabetes, it is a term used in individuals with elevated serum glucose levels, but without reaching the critical level to be considered diabetes. The main characteristic it presents is its state of dysglycemia, where people who suffer from it maintain an abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates. Methods and Materials. Descriptive observational study with cross-sectional section with intentional non probability sampling; duration of 91 days belonging to the months of September, October and November; with a sample of 100 participants corresponding to men and women between the ages of 25 to 85 years attended at the Centro Médico Diagnóstico Cemediam. The information was obtained through the Orion database and tabulated in the Microsoft Excel program. Results. The population consisted of 41 males and 59 females,the prevalence found of prediabetes was 37%, participants aged 36 to 45 years were the population group with the highest prevalence of prediabetes and the female sex was the most dominant compared to the male in prediabetes as age progressed. Conclusion. Prediabetes is increasingly part of a greater number of people without distinction of sex or age, that is why it is justifiable to use screening tools for its early diagnosis, that contribute to reducing high morbidity and mortality figures, in addition to shortening the economic expenditure that covers the pharmacological part of these patients and to generate preventive actions in this population.Item Cambios bioquímicos en la edad adulta tardía de una población de la sierra ecuatoriana(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2022-09-01) Feijoó Montoya, Joselyn Judith; Ramos Ramírez, Martha Cecilia, MSc. Bqf.The impact of biochemical changes in the elderly has the same factor in common since they present alterations in their old age and those described are seen in glucose metabolism as: morphological and functional. The First ones are associated with an increase in visceral fat, fatty tissue infiltration and lower beta cell mass, the second ones are observed in increased production of adipokines, inflammatory factors, as well as increased insulin resistance and diabetes. Changes in lipid metabolism fluctuate and alter lipoproteins, cholesterol, and triglycerides; It can be evidenced when measuring these serum analytes, thus causing dyslipidemia. The research is focused on identifying the main biochemical changes in glucose and lipid profile analyzes (cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL) in a population of 89 older adults from the province of Tungurahua, Ecuador, through a study with a descriptive design, transverse, field. Using the Minitab version 18.1 software, it was possible to determine that with a 95% reliable interval there are no changes in the analytes of glucose, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL. On the other hand, with a reliable interval of 95% of 100%, 14% may have a value above 150mg/dL in the triglyceride analyte in both men and women. The percentage of patients with a tendency to suffer from biochemical changes is relatively low in our research, which is why the physical activity carried out by the study patients has been determined as a protective factor given their way of working, despite this hypertriglyceridemia stands out by 14%. Likewise, a high percentage of geriatric patients state that they have developed diabetes in 64% (n = 57), but show little knowledge of the disease, since they say they suffer from it, but it is not reflected in the laboratory results that they present such a disease.Item “Indice de masa corporal (imc) como factor de riesgo de insulinorresistencia en niños y adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2019-01-01) Torres Valdez, Lissette Estefanía; Viteri Robayo, Carmen Patricia Ing. Mg.One of the main health problems nowadays is obesity, it is defined as the increase of fat in a general or specific area which manifests itself in a high weight value when it is compared to other people of the same age and gender. Obesity is determined by a relationship between weight and height obtaining the body mass index. (BMI). The insulin-resistance is a health problem that is also related to obesity and overweight. Due to the fact that insulin cannot produce an appropriate biological response to the cells. Causing a decrease of its action in the metabolic control of glucose after eating a meal. The objective of this investigation is to analyze the relationship between the mass body index (MBI) and the insulin-resistance in children and teenagers with overweight and obesity in the city of Ambato. This study was descriptive, cross-sectional, with a qualitative and quantitative, character there were 60 participants, 31 were women (51,7%) and 29 men (48.3%). They were between the ages of 5 to 19 years old. The results through the MBI showed that 20 people had a normal nutritional status; however, 17 had obesity and 23 overweight. In order to determine the serum values of glucose and insulin, blood tests were made and they showed insulin-resistance by applying the HOMAR-IR formula. The majority of the participants obtained normal serum value of glucose and insulin; and however 30 % of the participants were found to be insulin resistant. The results revealed that high intakes of fat, carbohydrates and little physical activity, as well as, sedentism directly influences the nutritional status of children and teenagers. Nevertheless, there was not a significant relationship between the nutritional status of obesity and overweight with the resistance of insulin in the pediatric population of this study. Thus, the null hypothesis that states ‘The MBI is not a risk factor to develop insulin resistance in children and teenagers with overweight and obesity in the city of Ambato’ is accepted.Item “Nivel de glucosa y su influencia en el rendimiento académico en estudiantes de la carrera de enfermería”(E, 2018-10-01) Padilla Sánchez, Liliana Renee; Fernández Soto, Gerardo Fernando, Dr.Glucose is a non-ionized molecule of 6 carbon atoms, therefore, it is a hexose, the main function of glucose is to produce energy for the living being and to carry out the processes that occur in the body.The objective of the research was to determine the level of glucose and its influence on the academic performance of nursing students. For the elaboration of the project, a quantitative approach and a correlational design were used, which included 55 students who were subjected to the technique of two surveys, one on their diet and the other on the factors that may affect their performance, which were related to the low academic performance. In addition, blood samples and anthropometric measurements were taken. In the study it was reported that 81% are women and 19% are men, The age is between 18-23 years, which represents 61%, the size between 1.51 - 170 cm represents 74%, with a average of 160 cm, the weight 51 - 70 Kg representing 69%, with an average of 63 Kg and the bodymass index is normal by 67%, followed by overweight with 24% and 5% of low weight and a 4% of obesity grade I. The results of the Glucose level were 22% with hypoglycaemia and 18% with hyperglycemia, which are altered by poor diet. In addition, students believe that the main cause for poor academic performance is lack of time .But in spite of everything they have dreams and goals such as obtaining a postgraduate degree in the future and being able to work.