Ciencias de la Salud
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Item VISIÓN GENERAL SOBRE LAS NUEVAS TÉCNICAS EN EL MANEJO DE LA OSTEOMIELITIS AGUDA Y CRÓNICA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-09-26) Cevallos Mejía, Ariel Mateo; Toctaquiza Silva, Roberto CarlosOsteomyelitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the bone and is caused by an infectious process that leads to inflammation. This process represents a high morbidity and as a consequence could lead to disability. The most common microorganisms related to the pathology are Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. There are two well-defined forms, acute and chronic, which are differentiated by the presence of necrotic bone. Acute osteomyelitis is of hematogenous cause and is predominant in pediatric age, and it is important to note that in the initial stages we will not find dead bone; and the difference with chronic osteomyelitis is that here we do find necrotic bone, product of the arrival of pathogens to a bone affected by surgery or trauma. The therapeutic approach is multidisciplinary and depends on the stage of the disease and its classification, and is based on six fundamental pillars: surgical debridement, microbiological diagnosis, obliteration of the dead space, antibiotic therapy directed to the causative microorganisms and finally the reconstruction of soft tissues and bone.Item Osteomielitis tuberculosa del cráneo, a propósito de un caso(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Medicina, 2022-10-13) Silva Poaquiza, Violeta Alexandra; Andrade Alban, Noemí RocíoTuberculosis today continues to be a global health problem with high rates of morbidity and mortality, tuberculous osteomyelitis is one of the forms of presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, skull involvement is rare even in endemic areas of tuberculosis, with an approximate incidence from 0.2 to 1.3% of the total cases of skeletal tuberculosis. The most common route of dissemination is hematogenous, from a primary pulmonary focus or by direct inoculation of the bacteria in the affected site; The clinical presentation is similar to other pathologies, but more frequently there is pain, local inflammation and suppuration of the affected site. Early treatment leads to a lower probability of complications at the neurological level, which is why it is important to propose accurate diagnostic methods and adequate therapy. A case of a 45-year-old male patient with a surgical history of craniotomy 6 years ago due to cranioencephalic trauma presents an open wound in the left parietal region with seropurulent fluid and erythematous edges. A sample of the wound secretion is taken, and a computerized axial tomography is requested in the that a lytic image is evident that affects the left parietal bone without alteration of the brain parenchyma in addition to simple and contrast-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance with diffusion in which a fistula of the scalp is reflected without communication with the endocranial cavity the report of the secretion is positive for acid-fast bacilli, so antituberculous therapy was instituted. A descriptive investigation of a case of tuberculous osteomyelitis of the skull was carried out. To support the information, existing literature on the subject was reviewed in scientific bases such as PubMed, The Cochrane, Intramed, Medline, Scopus, ScieELO, Medigraphic, with a literature cut-off point. than 5 years old, except in cases where the information was essential, it was considered literature of greater antiquity. Due to the low incidence of cases of tuberculous osteomyelitis of the skull and the low relevance given to the subject, it was decided to carry out the report of this case for knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology and its consideration for similar cases in the future.Item “Amputación de miembro inferior a causa de osteomielitis”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Terapia Fisica, 2017-03-01) Andrade García, Vanessa Alexandra; López Mesa, Gorgis Dr.Among the diseases that account for the highest annual health burden are those due to environmental factors, such as road traffic injuries. "Every year, traffic accidents cause the death of approximately 1.25 million people worldwide, between 20 million and 50 million people suffer non-fatal injuries, and in turn a proportion of these suffer some form of disability". Ecuador is the second country in Latin American mortality due to traffic accidents according to the Global State Report on road safety at the World Health Organization (WHO). The data obtained show that a traffic accident is a cause of physical disability depending on the complexity of the injury and post-surgical complications. The present case analysis refers to an adult of 43 years, who after suffering a traffic accident, had exposed fractures of his lower limbs, which led to a complication called osteomyelitis characterized as an infectious process with progressive destruction of tissues soft and bony. Due to the difficult control of the infection, the patient visited several Hospital Medical Units inside and outside the country without obtaining a favorable evolution during 3 years, the doctors who followed the case decide that amputation is the only surgical medical procedure to curb the infection and safeguard their life, constituting in the long term a physical disability due to the member's recession. However prosthetic adaptation allows you to reintegrate into your daily activities, the proposed rehabilitative treatment is based on short, medium and long term objectives to avoid stump deformities and gait complications.Item Osteomielitis con Paraclinica Normal Secundaria A Celulitis(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-Carrera Medicina, 2016-11-01) Martínez Molina, José Andrés; Altamirano Villacreces, Rosa AmaliaDra.A case of osteomyelitis secondary to cellulite which was diagnosed with radiographic images and presenting normal paraclinical described. The clinical course of a patient of 9 years old with a history of filing a cellulite treated with intravenous antibiotics in hospital and you are discharged after referral summarized. In the control outpatient the patient without any symptoms and physical examination without producing any signs suggesting infection or inflammation, he underwent plain radiography where images compatible with osteomyelitis was evident, so hospitalization is decided, then which laboratory tests were within normal parameters requested. This being important imaging tests for early diagnosis, so that radiography remains the first step in the study of patients with clinical suspicion of musculoskeletal infection. You can just express findings from the 10th day of osteomyelitis and thus reduce the likelihood of complications.Item Espondilodiscitis Piógena Enfocado a la calidad de vida del paciente(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-Carrera Enfermería, 2016-10-01) Pila Aynuca, Sandra Viviana; Quishpe Jara, Graciela de las Mercedes Lic. Mg.Pyogenic spondylodiscitis is an infection of the vertebral body and disc whose clinic in early stages can be easily confused with other conditions of lower back pain cause. A high degree of clinical suspicion to avoid delay diagnosis is necessary, and take into account the presence of risk factors that might favor its development. Early detection and management can largely avoid disability that causes this condition. In this research the case of a male patient, 46, suffering from the same disease for 6 months without apparent cause occur. Information I was collected from the onset of the disease to date, reviewing developments and conducting nursing assessments with the aim to propose interventions that facilitate improving the quality of life of the patient and the family. The disease began in the patient as a back pain complicated by immobility, which was gradually progressing affecting and preventing him perform daily activities. This analysis was performed in order to identify the nursing process as an instrument to constantly improve the quality of care that are aimed at maintaining the health of people in all its dimensions: physical, mental and social well for this way to meet the needs of individuals, family or community to actual or potential problems of health through health promotion.Item Atención Integral de enfermería a paciente con Osteomielitis de Tibia derecha(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-Carrera Enfermería, 2016-10) Lagla Chicaiza, Libia Paulina; Iza Anguisaca, Freddy Bayardo. Dr. Esp.This analysis of clinical case aimed to analyze the evolution patient with acute osteomyelitis in right tibia, is done considering that this disease is very complex in terms of its treatment of long healing in the integrity of the affected limb, it is importance of knowledge of this disease because it can affect any age mainly in childhood and usually has hematogenous spread, sometimes associated with trauma. In most cases, the major etiological agent is Staphylococcus aureus. It has been suggested by collecting structured data to identify the main critical points that triggered this disease instruments. In this analysis the case of a female patient of 11 years of age detailed the same as that acquired acute osteomyelitis disease since he fell on his knee that was not treated, not taking much. This important disease had an appearance sudden and although initially presented with pain and mild swelling as the days passed this unbearable pain intensified to information was collected from the onset of the disease until the present time, the evolution of the disease is detailed, an assessment of complete nursing is done and interventions arises to facilitate the care and improvement of quality of life, it has been linked with a theorizing nursing to expand knowledge according to the needs for the patient. We used a descriptive methodology, as it relates the primary and triggering features of acute osteomyelitis allowing new methods in nursing interventions to provide quality care and warmth, in which field research takes data directly from the reality in which facts a bibliographical and documentary research have occurred, likewise, because it is based on the search, analysis, interpretation of information from books, brochures, magazines and mainly medical records, which will support and greater accuracy to study. To achieve this goal an alternative guide nursing was developed for the caregiver in the management of care for patients with acute osteomyelitis, which is aimed at the patient and family about behaviors and care to follow maintenance for optimal lifestyle.Item “Artritis séptica complicada con osteomielitis”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Medicina, 2016-08-01) Jiménez Laverde, Ana Belén; Jiménez Velasco, Miguel Ángel Dr.Bone and joint infection infectious disease more common in childhood, difficult to recognize in the early stages and pose problems in both diagnosis and therapeutic management, medical and surgical. Osteoarticular infections with a prevalence in developed countries 22 cases / 100,000 children. The male: female ratio is 1.2: 3.7 times. There predisposing factors that favor the development of an infection osteoarticular: Trauma, surgery, penetrating wounds, skin infections, prematurity, the majority occur in children without underlying disease. Osteomyelitis is usually unifocal, affecting the metaphyses of long bones. In the case of septic arthritis, single joint child, Joint Lowlife Being the most frequently affected Members. The microorganism more frequently in all ages is S. aureus, from birth to 3 months of age, the important pathogens S. agalactiae and Enterobacteriaceae especially E. coli, K. kingae prevalent is children between 3 and 5 months year old. The duration of treatment is 4-6 weeks author. Can fever without being present. More significant symptom is pain; immobility of the joint, the diagnosis is mainly clinical, based on markers of inflammation, and Image Analysis of synovial fluid. The citobioquímico of articular fluid is important, but not specific. The definitive diagnosis is established Crops joint fluid, blood or bone material. It must perform a simple radiograph of the affected area with the possibility of detecting other diseases or chronic changes. Ultrasound is useful in the initial assessment by its high sensitivity for the detection of increased articular fluid, if we suspect osteomyelitis, radiology is negative, you should perform a bone scan, magnetic resonance imaging test is more specific image.