Ciencias de la Salud
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Item Programa de entrenamiento físico de la musculatura inspiratoria y su efecto en la resistencia física en ciclistas amateurs(2025-03-18) Heredia Tibanlombo, Evelyn Lissette; Zurita Altamiran, Israel Mauricio o; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de PosgradosThe performance of athletes can be affected by respiratory limitations. Studies show that inspiratory muscle training (IMT) could enhance respiratory function and improve exercise performance, impacting energy metabolism. Cyclists, during their activity, may experience fatigue, leading to a sympathetic vasoconstrictor response in the peripheral locomotor muscles, increasing the sensation of dyspnea and the perception of effort, which can result in lower performance. Objective: To determine the effects of an inspiratory muscle training program on physical endurance in amateur cyclists, as well as to evaluate the strength of the inspiratory muscles to develop and apply this program. Materials and Methods: This is an analytical, observational, longitudinal study with a quantitative approach, conducted at the Fipsicocenter Biomedical Center in Ambato. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, IMT was applied using a Powerbreathe device, with an initial load of 50%. The maximum inspiratory pressure (Pimax) was assessed at the beginning and end of the training to determine the strength of the inspiratory muscles and any changes after the program. To assess physical endurance, an Astrand protocol was used to evaluate oxygen consumption (VO2max). Results: An inspiratory muscle training program offers significant advantages in endurance and performance in cyclists. By enhancing inspiratory capacity, Pimax and VO2max increase, which in turn reduces respiratory muscle fatigue and improves ventilatory efficiency and recovery. Additionally, notable improvements were observed with the use of inspiratory muscle training devices such as Powerbreathe. Conclusions: Inspiratory muscle training has a positive effect on inspiratory muscle strength, increasing Pimax, which leads to improved physical performance and endurance in cyclists. However, there is still a lack of knowledge and application of this type of training in athletes from various disciplines.Item REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA: PREVALENCIA DE LA INFECCIÓN POR HELICOBACTER PYLORI DROGORESISTENTE(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-09-25) Núñez Aldaz, Stephany Raquel; Bonifaz Diaz, Diego RaúlIntroduction: Helicobacter pylori infection is a disease of worldwide distribution, it is known that half of the population is a carrier of the bacterium. The importance of studying the prevalence of drug resistance of Helicobacter pylori is to know the resistance patterns of antibiotics used in the treatment of the infection in order to investigate the modifications necessary for the correct eradication of the disease. Objective: To describe the prevalence of drug resistance in Helicobacter pylori infection in the last 10 years. Methodology: This literature review is based on a retrospective study, search and analysis of studies, essays and meta-analyses published in the databases: PubMed, Scielo, Science Direct, Web of Science, Mediagraphic, Elsevier, Springer. Results: The prevalence of drug resistance depends on geographical location. The treatment lines used for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection have increased their resistance rates in the last 10 years. In addition, a higher prevalence of resistance is observed in previously treated individuals than in patients who never received eradication treatment. Conclusions: The studies found in this literature review have limitations, which means that the prevalence differs according to the regions and the lines of treatment used. In the studies analyzed, the prevalence of drug resistance against metronidazole and clarithromycin is the highest compared to other antibiotics and has maintained a constant growthItem NUEVAS ESTRATEGIAS FARMACOLÓGICAS Y SU MECANISMO DE ACCIÓN EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE LA TB PULMONAR(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-09-24) Caicedo Lozada, Andrés Sebastián; Echeverría Valencia, GabrielaPulmonary TB (PTB), caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is one of the most prevalent and deadly infectious diseases worldwide. With approximately a quarter of the global population affected, TB stands as one of the leading causes of mortality within the spectrum of infectious diseases. Given this reality, there is an urgent need to explore and analyze new strategies that offer hope in the fight against this disease. This article aims to provide an analytical review of emerging strategies in the treatment of TB. To achieve this objective, a comprehensive review methodology has been adopted, encompassing a wide range of recent bibliographic sources, including academic research and specialized literature. The purpose is to compile and synthesize the most significant and up-todate contributions in the field, thus providing a clear and current overview of advances in the fight against TB. The article is structured into key sections that cover an introduction to the basic concepts of PTB, examining the epidemiology and interaction between Mtb and the host immune response, focusing on the formation of granulomas. Additionally, the pharmacodynamics and conventional treatments are analyzed, along with a critical study on drug resistance. It concludes by highlighting the need for innovation and personalization in treatments to address drug resistance, offering a comprehensive view of the current challenges and solutions in the management of TB.Item PERFIL DE RESISTENCIA ANTIMICROBIANA EN MUJERES EMBARAZADAS CON INFECCIÓN URINARIA QUE ACUDAN AL HOSPITAL BÁSICO SAN MARCOS(Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud / Centro de posgrados, 2024-09-03) Coello Barahona, Glenda Patricia; Chicaiza Tayupanta, JesúsThe proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms in the urinary tract is a distinctive feature of urinary tract infection in pregnant women. Physiological changes linked to pregnancy increase the likelihood of complications that can have a significant impact on both the mother and the fetus. The present research aimed to characterize the antimicrobial resistance profile in pregnant women with urinary tract infection who attend the San Marcos Basic Hospital. The study had a mixed approach, observational and descriptive, integrating qualitative elements accompanied by a bibliographic review of digital repositories, books, scientific articles, journals, websites, among others; and quantitative that allowed the recording of the results of the urine cultures of the 100 pregnant women who attended the San Marcos Basic Hospital during the period August 2023 - January 2024. Regarding the results, the following findings were reported: the main causal agent of urinary tract infections was the Escherichia coli bacteria. (65%), followed by Escherichia coli ESBL productive strain (9%), Klebsiella aerogenes (7%), Proteus Mirabilis (7%), and Enterobacter cloacae (3%). The antimicrobial resistance patterns for E. coli were Ampicillin and Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (70%), Escherichia coli. ESBL, with resistance to Ampicillin, Cefuroxime, Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, Ampicillin/sulbactam, Ceftazidime, and Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (80%); for Klebsiella Pneumoniae it presented resistance to Ampicillin (84%) and Gentamicin (67%); Proteus Mirabilis had resistance to Amikacin and Cefuroxime (50%), and resistance to Ampicillin and Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim with 90%. Finally, resistance to Enterobacter Cloacae was Ampicillin and Norfoflaxin Ceftazidime (100%) and Cefuroxime and Clarithromycin (50%). The study concludes that, in the San Marcos Basic Hospital, an adequate use of antibiotics should be carried out, in addition to evaluating the use of antibiotics in pregnant patients who present a urinary tract infection; and how the medical staff requires information related to sensitivity and resistance, so that this can be permanently socialized.Item EJERCICIOS DE FUERZA-RESISTENCIA PARA MEJORAR EL DOLOR EN PACIENTES CON ARTROSIS DE RODILLA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2024-08-28) Chango Tubón, Nury Aidé; Bonilla Ayala, Josselyn GabrielaThe aim is to compare whether performing muscle strengthening exercises (EF) is better than doing aerobic exercises (EA), or vice versa, to reduce pain and improve physical capacity in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. A comprehensive search of databases was conducted, and 13 relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected, of which the quality was evaluated using the Pedro and Amstar scales. The results showed differences in the duration and type of exercise among the studies; approximately 33.33% supported the efficacy of resistance training, 26.67% aerobic training, and 40% concluded that both interventions are equally important. The importance of considering an integrated approach combining both interventions to optimize outcomes in patients with knee osteoarthritis is emphasized, as each offers complementary benefits. Strength training improves muscle strength, while aerobic exercise addresses central sensitization, both reducing pain and enhancing physical capacity.Item RESISTENCIA BACTERIANA A LOS ANTIMICROBIANOS EN PERSONAS POST COVID-19. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-08-19) Rovayo Ojeda, Erika Elizabeth; Vilcacundo Córdova, Mario FernandoAntimicrobial resistance is a serious health problem affecting the global population because medicines are becoming ineffective against pathogens. The sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic caused chaos in health systems, and in an effort to eradicate the virus, the inappropriate and unnecessary use of these medicines spread, worsening the problem. Although some progress was seen in the fight against antimicro b i al resistance at the beginning of the pandemic, the health emergency interrupted this advance. Health organizations recommend implementing systems to monitor and control the use of antibiotics, as it is essenti al to prevent the potential rise of the next pandemic, called "Antimicrobial Resistance." Despite these measur es, the results have been insufficient, with the development and strengthening of pathogens resistant to multipl e drugs being observed. This literature review has gathered information about the microorganisms that have shown higher levels of antimicrobial resistance during and after the pandemic, and the antimicrobials used for their treatment.Item Presión muscular inspiratoria y su relación con la resistencia isométrica lumbar en futbolistas profesionales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2024-03-15) Cepeda Caicedo, Genesis Lucia; Caiza Lema, Stalin JavierIn the field of footbal a discipline that addresses physical, technical, tactical and psychological aspects, performance has become a complex science, the search for Athletic excellence focuses on cardiovascular resistance and muscular strength, highlighting the importance of factors such as respiratory efficiency during matches. The study aimed to correlate máximum inspiratory pressure and lumbar resistance in prefessional soccer players. In this descriptive correlational research, the relationship between PImax and lumbar resistance in players from Chacaritas Club was explored. The sample included adults aged 19 to 35 years with no history of repiratory problems or back injuries in the previous six months. PImax measurement was carried out with a hand-held pimometer, lumbar resistance was evaluated using the Sorensen test, with statiscal análisis carried out using SPSS versión 22.0. The results of 56 soccer players revealed an average PImax of 98,69 cmH2O and an average time in the Sorensen test of 79,68 seconds. The análisis of variance (ANOVA) did not show significant differences in PImax or lumbar resistance between the groups of soccer players, indicating that variability is not attributed to differences in the study. These findings hihlight the complexity of the relationship between respiratory capacity and lumbar resistance in the specific context of profesional football.Item Proyecto de intervención al uso de antibióticos en pacientes adultos del servicio de hospitalización del Hospital Básico el Puyo.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrado, 2022-09-01) Défaz Miranda, Silvana Marisol, Lcda.; Inca Torres, Alberto Renato, BqF. PhDThe inappropriate and indiscriminate use of antimicrobials, the poor control of nosocomial infections increases the development of resistance mechanisms, reducing therapeutic possibilities and increasing hospital stay. Infections caused by resistant bacteria are associated with increased morbidity, mortality and cost of treatment, triggering the appearance of outbreaks at the hospital level. Due to this, in the present study it was proposed to rationalize the adequate use of antibiotics in the Puyo Basic Hospital in adult patients. This was done using a scientific methodology with a quantitative and quasi- experimental approach, through which the database was reviewed in the SPSS program and the entire population of hospitalized patients aged between 20 and 40 years was studied in a period of January until June 2021. It was obtained that Staphylococcus presents resistance against the antibiotic oxacillin with 76.2%. 100% of Gram-negative microorganisms are resistant to ampicillin, 88.8% are resistant to ampicillin sulbactam, 77.8% are resistant to cephalothin and 61.1% are resistant to sulfatrimetropim. Escherichia coli 27.7% are ESBL-producing bacteria. Finally, the factors that predispose to the inappropriate use of antibiotics were evaluated, it was proposed to adopt timely corrective measures, especially in those antibiotics that exceed 30% in relation to resistance.Item “Identificación de agentes bacterianos causantes de infecciones de oído y su relación con la resistencia a los antimicrobianos”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2018-02-01) Arias Negrete, María Fernanda.; Tabares Rosero, Lourdes Gioconda Dra. Mg.The aim of the present study was to identify the bacterial agents that cause ear infections and their relationship with antimicrobial resistance for which a descriptive, transversal study is proposed, where bacteria were identified present in the ear secretion samples from patients using protocols established by CLSI and also bacterial resistance using the Kirby-Bauer antibiogram method. The 55 patients who participated in the study were in the age range between 18 to 55 years. From cultured samples the isolated bacteria were: Staphylococcus epidermidis with a percentage of 62.0%, Staphylococcus aureus with a percentage of 32.0% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a percentage of 6.0%. By relating the bacteria identified with ear infections we can say that Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomona aeruginosa are considered pathogenic bacteria and Staphylococcus epidermidis is considered a normal ear microbiota. It is possible to indicate that Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the only one that presents resistance to the antimicrobials of habitual use to the ear treatment infections.Item “Análisis biomecánico en los ciclistas de ruta categoría master”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Terapia Física, 2017-10-01) Carrasco Jaramillo, Santiago Gabriel; Peñafiel Luna, Andrea Carolina Lic. TF. Mg.The directional management of biomechanics leads to the integration of each of its factors in the practice of cycling, so the problem is centered on the lack of knowledge of the biomechanical analysis affects the sport performance in cyclists of the category of the city Of Ambato, in this way from the analysis of each one of the elements it is tried to know the factors that generate a high performance, in the sportsman, then in the methodology the field investigation was applied, the same that through the application of the Surveys and the observation sheet were collected information, which allowed the need for a comprehensive analysis, as this will promote high performance in people who practice this sport, it is concluded that it is vital to generate a comprehensive study of the Biomechanics in the cyclist to be able to generate a systematic process of knowledge of how to improve the position, the po Stura the strength of the cyclist and then promote a high performance in the sports environment.