Ciencias de la Salud
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Item DIETAS HIPOCALÓRICAS Y RESISTENCIA A LA INSULINA, POSIBLES BENEFICIOS O COMPLICACIONES(2025-06-18) Chasig Quisaguano Adrian Ismael; Bonilla Veloz Silvia Elizabeth; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaThis article examines the effect of hypocaloric diets on insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Hypocaloric diets are an effective tool to achieve weight loss and improve metabolic health, evidencing positive effects such as increased peripheral insulin sensitivity, decreased liver fat accumulation and lipid profile adequacy. However, if not applied correctly, disadvantages may arise such as decreased muscle mass, alterations at the level of basal metabolism and possible nutritional deficiencies. An analysis of the influence of intermittent fasting and caloric restriction on the regulation of body weight, blood glucose levels and inflammatory markers associated with the cellular aging process is also addressed. Although hypocaloric diets show favorable results in the short term, maintaining adherence to them in the long term remains a challenge, indicating the importance of developing personalized approaches that facilitate their sustainability over time, it has been observed that intermittent diets tend to have greater longterm adherence compared to traditional continuous diets, although both are effective in reducing body weight, having greater effectiveness when enhanced with psychological support and the incorporation of physical exercise.Item Plan terapéutico de fuerza muscular en miembro superior con musicoterapia en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2(2025-03-11) Cajas Vargas, Diego Andrés; Reales Chacón, Lisbeth Josefina; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de PosgradosThis study, conducted at Universidad Técnica de Ambato, examines the impact of an innovative therapeutic plan combining upper limb strength exercises with music therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This multidimensional approach aims to enhance patients' quality of life and functionality through an accessible and tailored treatment. T2DM affects 10.5% of the global population and 1.7% in Ecuador, with a significant prevalence among older adults. Characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, this condition impacts not only metabolic health but also the musculoskeletal system, leading to muscle mass loss, insulin resistance, and functional limitations. The primary goal of this research was to implement and evaluate a therapeutic plan designed to improve upper limb strength in 28 older adults diagnosed with T2DM. The program consisted of specific exercises and music therapy sessions, totaling 48 sessions over 24 weeks. Music was selected based on participants' preferences to maximize physical and emotional benefits. The methodology included pre- and post-intervention assessments using manual dynamometry to measure muscle strength, and the results were analyzed statistically. Findings showed significant improvements in participants' muscle strength, with an average increase of 3–4 kg in key movements such as shoulder flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, as well as elbow flexion and extension. This study validates the use of music therapy as a complementary element in physiotherapeutic programs. It also provides a replicable model for future interventions addressing chronic conditions like T2DM, emphasizing the importance of integrated approaches in managing chronic diseases.Item DIAGNÓSTICO DEL SÍNDROME METABÓLICO EN PACIENTES CON SÍNTOMAS DEPRESIVOS DEL GADM BAÑOS DE AGUA SANTA(2025-02-24) Chimbo Yépez, Jenny Fernanda; Pérez Laborde, Elena Johanna; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio ClínicoIntroduction:Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of interrelated conditions characterized by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia (elevated triglycerides and decreased highdensity lipoproteins), and hypertension. On the other hand, depressive symptoms are mood disorders that significantly affect an individual's quality of life. Several studies suggest a bidirectional relationship between both conditions, mediated by biological, social, and psychological mechanisms. Objective: To evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome in patients presenting depressive symptoms in the Municipal Government of Baños de Agua Santa. Methodology: A cross-sectional, descriptive, observational, and prospective study. The sample was selected using non-probabilistic convenience sampling, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria with a total of 75 participants belonging to the GADM Baños de Agua Santa. The Beck Depression Inventory-II was applied to measure depressive symptomatology, and the IDF criteria were used to diagnose the presence of MS. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics and tests such as Chi-square and Cramer's V were applied. Results: 40.0% (30/75) of the participants presented metabolic syndrome. Additionally, a prevalence of 36.0% of mild depressive symptoms was observed in people with metabolic syndrome, while in individuals without this syndrome, depressive symptomatology of 37.3% was recorded. No significant association was found between several components of metabolic syndrome, such as glucose levels, diastolic blood pressure, and abdominal obesity, and depressive symptoms. However, a significant association was identified between insulin resistance (IR), elevated body mass index (BMI), HDL cholesterol (c-HDL) levels, and triglycerides (TG) with depressive symptoms (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a positive association of considerable magnitude between depressive symptoms and MS, indicating a multifactorial interaction between metabolic alterations and mood state.Item RELACIÓN ENTRE PERFIL LIPÍDICO Y RESISTENCIA A LA INSULINA EN ADULTOS MAYORES DE CENTROS GERONTOLÓGICOS DEL CANTÓN AMBATO(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-08-13) Endara Calderón, Juan Diego; Pacha Jara, Ana GabrielaThe present cross-sectional and descriptive research aimed to determine the relationship between lipid profile alterations and insulin resistance in elderly adults from gerontological centers in the Ambato canton. A blood sample was taken from 80 elderly adults for subsequent laboratory analysis, which included measurements of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin. The HOMA-IR index was used to evaluate insulin resistance. Additional l y, the weight and height of the participants were recorded to calculate their body mass index (BMI), and a survey was conducted to gather information about their lifestyl es and possible risk factors. The results showed that, of the 80 study participants, 27 individuals (34%) were of normal weight, 45 individuals (56%) were overweight, and 8 individuals (10%) were obese, according to the MSP of Ecuador and the WHO table for adult men and women. No statistically significant relationship was found between BMI and insulin resistanc e (p-value of 0.874), nor between the lipid profile and insulin resistance (p-value of 0.487). However, obesity remains an important risk factor for insulin resistance in the geriatric population. The study suggests that insulin resistance is influenced by multiple factors such as genetics, physical activity, and diet, and that BMI alone may not be sufficient to predict insulin resistance. Differences in body composition, lifestyles, and genetic factors can affect this relationship.Item RESISTENCIA A LA INSULINA Y FACTORES DE RIESGO EN LOS COMERCIANTES DE LOS MERCADOS SAN JUAN Y SAN LUIS DEL CANTÓN SANTIAGO DE PÍLLARO(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-08-05) Moreta Alajo, Sandra Amparo; Galárraga Pérez, Edison ArturoInsulin resistance is a condition in which the body's cells do not respond adequately to insulin, the hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. The objective is to evaluate the risk factors that predispose to insulin resistance in traders of the San Juan and San Luis markets of Canton Santiago de Píllaro. The research was an observational study of cross-secti o n al descriptive type, where 75 blood samples were analyzed, the analysis of fasting glucose and insulin and the HOMA-IR index was carried out. In addition, information was collected by means of a survey and calculation of the BMI of each of the merchants, and the results were analyzed using the IBM SPSS program. Of the 75 samples obtained 33 participants have insulin resistance. In determining the risk factors, a statistic a l ly significant correlation between patients with insulin resistance and body mass index was considered, with a correlation coefficient of 0.308 (Spearman) but it is considered a weak association. It can be concluded that the prevalence of developing insulin resistance was 44% in the market traders of Cantón Santiago de Píllaro.Item MICROARN PARA LA DETECCIÓN TEMPRANA DE DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2: REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Martínez Altamirano, Joselyn Lissette; Romo López, Ángel GeovannyIntroduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a glucose metabolism disorder of multiple etiology, representing more than 90% of diabetes cases around the world. Current studies have proposed microRNAs (miRNAs) as possible early biomarkers of the disease Objective: To carry out an exhaustive bibliographic review of the studies published from January 2018 to June 2023 to evaluate the use of miRNAs as biomarkers in the early detection of Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DMT2). Methods: Comprehensive searches of scientific databases were carried out and nine studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. These studies examined the expression profiles of specific miRNAs and their utility as diagnostic and prognostic markers. Results: They revealed that certain miRNAs, such as miR-21, miR-122, miR-148b-3p, miR-27a-3p and miR-135, showed significant changes in their expression in patients with T2DM and prediabetes compared to healthy individuals. These miRNAs were also associated with key metabolic processes, such as the regulation of insulin signaling, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Conclusions: These findings support the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, and management of T2DM and prediabetes. However, further research is required to validate and better understand the clinical relevance of miRNAs in these metabolic diseases.Item Metabolismo de la glucosa en el síndrome de turner(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-01) Pacheco Bonilla, Alisson Gisselle; Guangasig Toapanta, Víctor Hernán Bq.F. Mg.Turner syndrome is one of the most frequent chromosomal disorders, caused by the partial or total loss of one of the sex chromosomes, adult patients have a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus, and the altered glucose metabolism in this population seems to be genetically triggered. In adults affected by TS, abnormal glucose metabolism is found in >70% of this population. We seek to achieve early diagnosis in patients with Turner syndrome without type 2 DM by identifying clinical and biochemical risk factors before cardiometabolic risk and thus micro- and macrovascular complications increase. We comprehensively reviewed the available evidence related to the influence of insulin secretion and sensitivity, obesity, autoimmunity, growth hormone, and sex hormone replacement therapy on the onset of DM in these patients. The results of the present study would allow us to identify the importance of laboratory tests in patients with Turner syndrome for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and therefore the development of Diabetes mellitus and to implement therapeutic options promptly to improve or lengthen the temporality of onset of complications.Item Resistencia a la insulina como factor desencadenante de dislipidemias(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-01) Pérez Freire, Roberto Alejandro; Pacha Jara, Ana Gabriela Bqf. Mg.Insulin resistance (IR) is defined as a pathological state that is characterized by a decrease in the sensitivity of insulin in the tissues, on the other hand, dyslipidemia is a lipid level alteration that could develop from insulin resistance. This bibliographic review describes the main scientific contributions that demonstrate whether insulin resistance is one of the essential pathological conditions for developing some of the diseases that constitute serious public health problems, such as dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and metabolic syndrome (MS).