Ciencias de la Salud
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Item TRASPLANTE DE MICROBIOTA FECAL COMO NUEVA TERAPÉUTICA EN EL MANEJO DE LA DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2(2025-06-16) Acosta Cañar, Kerly Joselyn; Recalde Navarrete, Ricardo Javier; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaIntroduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a global public health problem, and is one of the main causes of disability, premature death and complications, resulting from poor glycemic control, poor monitoring and underlying chronic pathologies. The budget for care is increasingly scarce, which is why there is a need to find new cost-effective therapeutic options that offer multiple benefits and contribute to achieving therapeutic objectives. Objective: to determine the efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation as a new therapy in the management of type 2 diabetes. Results: in the literature review of both human and animal models using FMT, a reduction in blood glucose values, body mass index (BMI), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure, triglycerides and total cholesterol is reported, improving cost-effectiveness in treatment. Conclusion: FTM is an excellent cost-effective alternative or complementary to conventional treatment of type 2 DM; the benefits are significant in terms of therapy and budget reduction in health systems, however, in developing countries its implementation is not feasible.Item POLIOVIRUS: UNA ACTUALIZACIÓN EN EL ESQUEMA DE VACUNAS(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-09-25) Loachamin Avila, María José; Zabala Haro, Alicia MonserrathPolio, caused by the poliovirus, has been a pivotal target in the global eradication of infectious diseases. Vaccination programs have played a fundamental role in combating this disease, and various immunization strategies have been developed over time. One of these strategies is the combination of sequential inactivated polio vaccines (IPV) and oral polio vaccines (OPV) against the poliovirus. The aim of this literature review was to analyze the available literature on the effectiveness and safety of the combination of IPV and OPV in polio vaccination schemes. The methodology employed is based on the compilation and analysis of previous studies, scientific articles, and clinical trial data related to this strategy. The results of the review suggest that the combination of IPV and OPV can be effective in protecting against the poliovirus. This strategy has shown to enhance immunogenicity, particularly concerning serotype 2 of the poliovirus, and reduce risks associated with OPV, such as vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP). In conclusion, the combination of IPV and OPV in polio vaccination schemes is a promising strategy that can significantly contribute to the eradication of the disease. However, it is crucial to maintain constant monitoring and rigorous evaluation to ensure its long-term effectiveness and safety. This review underscores the importance of considering this strategy in vaccination programs to achieve the goal of a polio-free world more effectively.Item Diseño para la implementación del área del laboratorio de microbiología del Hospital Básico Machachi, Cantón Mejía(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-10) Conterón Tene, Elizabeth; Guangasig Toapanta, Víctor Hernán Bq. F. Mg.Introduction: Currently some infections must be diagnosed clinically and in the same way they must be treated in a timely manner, if there is no prior isolation of the causative microorganism or determination of susceptibility to antibiotics, effective treatment is difficult, being essential the design of a microbiology Laboratory. Objective: The purpose of this research is to design the space for the assembly of the Microbiology Laboratory, under locative, administrative and financial parameters and thus propose the implementation of the microbiology area in the Machachi Basic Hospital clinical laboratory. Methodology: descriptive type, since it shows the reality of the current situation of the Machachi Basic Hospital at the time of conducting the study; it is a non-experimental investigation of transectional cut; applying a survey to patients diagnosed with infectious pathologies who come to the hospital applying a "focus group" to the medical personnel of the Hospital, in general terms, all the doctors of the hospital indicated that microbiology exams are of great importance and a lot of diagnostic help for the proper management and timely treatment of patients who come to the Machachi Basic Hospital. Results: it was evidenced that the patients express the need to include the microbiology area. Specifically, 98.2% of the sample indicates the need for a microbiology laboratory, and it is opportune to speed up the process for the design and implementation of the laboratory, and in this way guarantee the adequate diagnosis of the different infectious diseases that threaten the population in order to ensure timely and effective treatment. Additionally, 96.4% stopped performing exams due to lack of budget. 96.4% of patients surveyed consider that timely treatment will be given if the Microbiology laboratory is increased. Conclusions: Based on these antecedents, the adequate space is established within the laboratory, for the implementation of the microbiology area, the area arranged in the hospital consists of 16.22 m2, it has the facilities for the operation of the laboratory and the proposal for the design and implementation of the microbiology area adjusted to the characteristics of this hospital, and complying with all relevant regulations and requirements, with the ultimate goal of being evaluated by the competent authorities and considering including this area within those that offers this institution.Item Elaboración de la cartilla epidemiológica aplicado en las diferentes áreas hospitalarias del Hospital General Docente Ambato Distrito de Salud(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Centro de Posgrados, 2022-10-01) Pérez Zapata, Ángela Yolanda; Mario F. MSc .Lcdo., Vilcacundo CórdovaThe prevalence of multiresistant bacteria is a serious public health problem. According to the WHO, this problem is considered one of the ten most relevant today in the health area. The elaboration of instruments that help to identify which are the most prevalent multi-resistant microorganisms in a locality helps greatly to develop public health policies and control strategies for both microorganisms and the sale and distribution of antibiotics. The present work was developed within the Hospital General Docente Ambato Distrito de Salud 18D0, where a survey was carried out on a sample of the personnel that works in said health house on knowledge of the management of multiresistant bacteria and on their knowledge of concepts associated with this problematic. An epidemiological survey of the samples analyzed in the microbiology laboratory of the institution was also developed to obtain information on the most prevalent microorganisms in the most frequent analytes in the laboratory. Finally, from the data extracted from the microbiology laboratory, and epidemiological chart was prepared with the most prevalent microorganisms in the analytes. From these analyzes, it was possible to determine a wide prevalence of E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus within the main samples analyzed within the microbiology laboratory. Once these relevant microorganisms were identified, it was also possible to observe a broad resistance of E. coli to a wide panel of antibiotics. This suggests that there is a wide distribution of genes that confer resistance to antibiotics within our population. Therefore, the elaboration of instruments such as the epidemiological primer is of great importance to generate public health policies for adequate control of this problem.Item Prevención del contagio por covid-19 en comunidades indígenas del cantón Ambato en Ecuador(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Medicina, 2022-06-01) Mena Amaluiza, Ariel Iván; Hernández Navarro, Elena Vicenta PhD.Covid 19, was first reported in Wuhan, China, declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an international health emergency in January 2020 and classified as a pandemic in March of the same year, Covid-19, is without doubt the topic of greatest clinical and investigative interest worldwide, national and local, the purpose of this research work is to design a relevant community prevention strategy with the needs of these population groups, from a medical and scientific bibliographic base, As a theoretical foundation, a strategy for the prevention of infections by Covid19 in indigenous communities of the Ambato canton in Ecuador was designed, which consists of seven phases that include data analysis and mapping of the population at risk; characterization of the group; needs assessment; initial evaluation of the state of health; execution and implementation of prevention and promotion activities; final evaluation and socialization of the resultsItem Prevalencia de la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en un centro de rehabilitación social de la sierra ecuatoriana(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2022-03-01) Carrera Criollo, Lizbeth de los Ángeles; Ramos Ramírez, Martha Cecilia MSc. Bqf.The research was carried out considering that the majority of women prisoners come from marginalized social groups, having notable probabilities of being involved in sex work, substance use, aggression and unwanted pregnancies at an early age, which can become a factor, key generator of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Objective: to determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in a Social Rehabilitation Center in the Ecuadorian Sierra, 2018. Methodology: a cross sectional analytical study, non-experimental design, demonstrated in 69 inmates, in which sociodemographic factors, family context, lifestyles and sexual risk behaviors for contracting HIV were evaluated. Results: the inmates indicate having started their sexuality between the ages of 16 to 30 (31.88%) and from 31 to 49 (57.98%), in addition, they indicate that they live in a free union (37.68%), they have studied secondary education (47.83%), their customs are Catholic (66.67%), their orientation is heterosexual (91.38%), they have habits such as tobacco consumption (24.64%), alcohol (37.68% ), drugs (14.49%), piercing (66.67%); In addition, adolescent pregnancy stands out (73.91%), sexual assaults (10.14%), sexual relations with substance use (27.54%), not using condoms (59.42%), and suffering from STDs (5.80%), finally the data indicate that 94.20% have non-reactive HIV results and 5.8% are reactive HIV. Conclusions: The study showed a low prevalence of HIV in the presence of the factors analyzedItem Estrategia de prevención comunitaria de infecciones vaginales con base en el estudios de los conocimientos y actitudes sobre sexualidad(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-08-01) Toasa Ortiz, Fernanda Paulina Lic.; Fernández Nieto, Miriam Ivone Lic. Mg.Introduction: Vaginal infections currently constitute a serious public health problem, as the most frequent reasons for consultation in University students, in view of this situation, the relationship with knowledge of attitudes and practices on knowledge about sexuality was determined, through analysis of the knowledge acquired by the students, and to identify the main factors that interfere in the study problem. Objective: To design the community prevention strategy for vaginal infections in relation to the study of knowledge and attitudes about sexuality. Methodology: A prospective, descriptive study was carried out on a universe of 500 female students from the Technical University of Ambato in the period March 1, 2019 - August 31, 2019, a sample of 218 female students who attended the dispensary for consultation was calculated. doctor. Results: in the study carried out, it was evidenced that there was a history of vaginal infections, sexual partners, frequency of visits to the gynecologist, use of barrier contraceptive methods, intimate hygiene; Results in the studied group, it was found that 2 cases of Trichomonas vaginalis with 6% and 4 cases of mixed vaginal infections with 13%, among the hygiene factors causing vaginal infections, 68% of cases were found in users with a history of of vaginal infection. Conclusions: The strategy designed for the community prevention of vaginal infections in relation to the study of knowledge and attitudes about sexuality, is structured in different stages and is based on the high rate of health complications of the studied population, which are given by : cervical cancer, septic shock, pelvic peritonitis that could lead to death if the importance of risk prevention is not given from actions at the community level, also important are problems related to sexuality, in order to avoid feelings of shame or guilt, unfounded beliefs, and other psychological factors that may inhibit sexual intercourse or disrupt relationships or sexual response.Item Estrategia de prevención comunitaria de enfermedades diarreicas agudas a partir de la evaluación fisicoquímica y microbiológica del agua(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-08-01) Argotti Zumbana, Carlos Fabián Lic.; Carrero Castillo, Yenddy Nayghit PHD.Acute Diarrheal Diseases (ADD) represent one of the conditions produced mainly by the consumption of contaminated water, the most affected population worldwide being children, with a higher prevalence in rural areas, where wastewater treatment is inappropriate. Human waste is discharged into open latrines, canals, and streams, or is spread on farmland. It is estimated that these diseases affect 1.5 million children annually and constitute the second cause of death in children under five years of age, with an estimated 525,000 each year. There are many underground water springs, which constitute an important source of water for human consumption and agricultural use, which are affected by the contamination caused by the nearby septic tanks that contain organic waste, animal feces or by agro-chemicals, coming from the agricultural activity which infiltrate through the soil and reach these water sources, also due to the physical conditions of the catchment points, which are not ideal in infrastructure; giving rise to the alteration of the physicochemical and microbiological quality of the water and therefore the quality of life of the people who are supplied in different ways from these deposits consider ourselves a vehicle for the transport of pathogens that cause epidemic diseases, toxic infections and gastrointestinal diseases such as amoebic dysentery, diarrhea, abdominal pain, among others. The water quality assessment is based on the determination of specific chemicals that can affect health after exposure. It is a multi-approach process that studies the physical, chemical, and biological nature of water in relation to natural quality, human and aquatic health-related effects. This research arises from the need of the community's inhabitants to have water for direct consumption or for quality agriculture. Therefore, the study of the microbiological and physicochemical quality of the spring waters is of great relevance. used by the community of San Luis to prevent causes that generate diseases of water origin and sanitary danger. Interviews were conducted with the heads of households of the community of San Luis de Mulalillo, to determine the origin, distribution, and management of water and if any member of the family had ADD in the period of 9 months of study, water samples were collected of the different strategic points in the catchment, for its analysis in the laboratory and it was determined that acute diarrheal diseases are not only due to the fecal coliforms present in the water but also to other factors that the inhabitants are exposed to. It was shown that in the parameters pH, fluorides, turbidity, nitrites, phosphates, carbonates, they are in acceptability of the environmental quality while the parameters of nitrates, residual chlorine 17 and fecal coliforms exceed the maximum permissible limits, so that there could be a direct correlation with the appearance of acute diarrheal diseases in the infant and long-lived population of the community. The quality of the water of the Tunancay river slope is affected by the inadequate hygiene conditions of the homes near the river, as well as the waste of the animals that graze along the riverbanks and that the inhabitants do not take due care to that these are not close to the water springs, that is why a community prevention strategy was applied on the proper use and protocols to follow for the consumption of safe water in the population, together with the authorities and the community council and talks were established in order to prevent diarrheal diseases in the population, in addition to a proposal for them to carry out procedures inherent to the development of a necessary drinking water and sewerage project in this population. It is concluded that the water in the community of San Luis de Mulalillo is contaminated by total Colibacilli that exceed the maximum tolerable limits, as well as the presence of nitrates and residual chlorineItem Desarrollo de las plataformas digitales para la atención a la pandemia covid 19 en las comunidades(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2021-03-01) Catucuago Cuatucuago, Ana Gabriela; Quishpe Jara, Graciela de las Mercedes Lcda. Mg.Introduction: The pandemic generated by COVID-19 has highlighted the importance and usefulness of telemedicine, in contacting patients and health professionals, when in-person consultation is not possible, minimizing the risk of transmission, reducing the level of contagion and the health impact of vulnerable populations, so health care takes a new course, which provides multiple possibilities to increase health coverage. Objective: Analyze the use of digital platforms for better patient care in communities, with respect to SARS-COVID-2(COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: A descriptive narrative review was conducted through a search in articles published from December 2019 to November 2020, searching databases such as Medline, ClinicalKey, Pubmed, ProQuest, Scielo, Scholar Google, under the terms COVID-19, coronavirus, public health, telemedicine, virtual health platforms, written in English or Spanish. Conclusion: Digitized information has become an ally to combat the pandemic, in that it was possible to move from face-to-face care to telemedicine in a very short time, thus demonstrating the possibilities and advantages of the use of digital platforms in remote care, from development of new doctor-patient relationships to prevention of the spread of the virus.Item “Diagnóstico situacional del manejo fisioterapéutico de trastornos musculoesqueléticos en la provincia de Pastaza”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Terapia Física, 2018-04-01) De Oliveira Ferreira Sodré, Ítalo Henrique; Cobo Sevilla, Verónica de los Ángeles Lic. MsC.Tabla 1: Operacionalización de las variables 41 UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNICA DE AMBATO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA SALUD CARRERA DE TERAPIA FÍSICA “DIAGNÓSTICO SITUACIONAL DEL MANEJO FISIOTERAPÉUTICO DE TRASTORNOS MUSCULOESQUELÉTICOS EN LA PROVINCIA DE PASTAZA” Autor: De Oliveira Ferreira Sodré, Ítalo Henrique Tutora: Lcda. Msc. Cobo Sevilla, Verónica de los Ángeles Fecha: Febrero de 2018 RESUMEN La participación del fisioterapeuta en la atención primaria de salud le ha permitido ir asumiendo un papel preponderante en la búsqueda de bienestar de la población, lo que le ha impuesto nuevos retos dentro del equipo interdisciplinario, que se cumplen mediante la preparación continua y mejora cotidiana de la calidad de atención al paciente. Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo, observacional, de corte transversal, en el que participaron 5 unidades públicas de salud localizadas en la provincia de Pastaza, seleccionadas mediante un muestreo aleatorio, cuyo criterio de inclusión principal era el que las unidades contaran con áreas de fisioterapia implementadas, en el que se buscó conocer las características de estas unidades, y principalmente las relacionadas al área de fisioterapia. La recolección de los datos se llevó a cabo durante los meses de noviembre y diciembre del año 2017. Se aplicó también una encuesta dirigida a los fisioterapeutas sobre su conocimiento y actitudes relacionadas con la Práctica Basada en la Evidencia científica. Adicionalmente, se le realizó una encuesta a los pacientes que acuden a estas unidades de salud para conocer su satisfacción con el servicio de rehabilitación física. Esta investigación se desarrolló debido a la poca información disponible sobre la distribución de profesionales en las áreas de fisioterapia y rehabilitación física en la provincia de Pastaza, información importante para el conocimiento del acceso a estos servicios y de la conformación de los equipos de atención especializada. Por lo que el objetivo principal es conocer la situación actual de las áreas de rehabilitación física de la provincia de Pastaza. PALABRAS CLAVES: FISIOTERAPIA; REHABILITACIÓN FÍSICA; SALUD PÚBLICA; PRÁCTICA BASADA EN LA EVIDENCIA; SATISFACCIÓN DEL PACIENTE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF AMBATO FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES PHYSICAL THERAPY CAREER “SITUATIONAL DIAGNOSTIC OF PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS IN THE PROVINCE OF PASTAZA” Author: De Oliveira Ferreira Sodré, Ítalo Henrique Tutor: Msc. Cobo Sevilla, Verónica de los Ángeles Date: February de 2018 ABSTRACT The participation of the physical therapists in primary health care has allowed him to assume a preponderant role in the search for the welfare of the population. This has imposed new challenges within the interdisciplinary team, which are met through continuous preparation and daily improvement of the quality of patient care. A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in which 5 public health units located in the Pastaza province, selected by random sampling and whose main inclusion criterion was that the units had physical rehabilitation areas implemented. The data collection was carried out during the months of November and December 2017. A survey was also applied to the physical therapists about their knowledge and attitudes related to the Practice based on scientific evidence. Additionally, a survey was conducted to the patients who come to these health units in order to know their satisfaction with the physical rehabilitation service. This research was developed due to the limited information available on the distribution of the professionals in the physical therapy and physical rehabilitation areas in the Pastaza province. This information is important for the knowledge of access to these services and the formation of specialized care teams. Therefore, the main objective is to know the current situation of physical therapy areas in the province of Pastaza.