Ciencias de la Salud
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Item EFICACIA Y SEGURIDAD DEL TRATAMIENTO CON DOLUTEGRAVIR EN LA TERAPIA DEL VIRUS DE INMUNODEFICIENCIA HUMANA(2025-06-13) Salvatierra Andino, Jairo Andrés; Laguapillo Vergara, Alexandra del Rocio; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de MedicinaThe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is responsible for the largest epidemic of this century, the first cases were diagnosed in the United States during the 1980s; Its advanced phase is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and is characterized by a CD4 lymphocyte count, resulting in a depressed immune system. The objective of this study is to analyze the efficacy and safety of treatment with Dolutegravir in the management of HIV, considering its adverse effects and specific clinical aspects. This is a bibliographic review of the literature updated from January 2018 to 2024 in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ScieLO databases. Dolutegravir is an inhibitor of viral integrase, a critical enzyme that catalyzes the integration of viral DNA into the genome of host cells. Blocking this enzyme prevents the virus from inserting into the DNA of human cells, which stops viral replication. This effect reduces the viral load in the body and allows the recovery and preservation of the patient's immune system. Dolutegravir has strong clinical efficacy in addition to low rates of drug resistance and minor side effects. In Conclusion Dolutegravir has shown superiority in viral suppression compared to other established treatments, making it a preferred option in the initial treatment of HIV. This medication is not only effective in achieving viral suppression, but also facilitates the restoration of the immune system, with a significant increase in the CD4+ T lymphocyte count.Item Factores de no adherencia terapeutica al tarv(terapia anti retroviral) en pacientes con sindrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida (VIH/sida)(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2021-03-01) Paredes Illanes, Lesly Vanesa; Quishpe Jara, Graciela de las Mercedes Lcda. Mg.Introduction: HIV is the acquired immunodeficiency virus for which there is still no cure, but whose most successful treatment is ART, which has achieved a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality from this cause when administered properly and in a timely manner. Objective: To analyse the factors of nonadherence to ART (Anti-Retroviral Therapy) in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Methods: A systematic review of scientific articles and publications directly related to the subject of study was carried out, in the period 2015-2020, in databases such as: VHL, LILACS, PUBMED, MEDIGRAPHIC, MEDLINE, ELSEVIER, SCIELO, through descriptors such as: "HIV", "AIDS", "ASSOCIATED FACTORS", "NON-ADHERENCE", "TREATMENT". Results: The articles selected for the development of the systematic review were 41, which were selected from a total of 240 reported in the different databases in the period October-November 2020. Most of the articles agree that the main factors for the lack of adherence to antiretroviral treatment in patients infected with HIV/AIDS are personal and health-related. Conclusions: The factors for non-adherence to ART are varied as they depend on intrinsic and extrinsic elements but they must be addressed because non-adherence to treatment can trigger repercussions such as: a greater number of opportunistic diseases and complications related to the start of treatment, a lesser response to antiretroviral treatment, low life expectancy and a greater risk of the spread of the disease.Item Calidad de la atención al Paciente con Vih en el Nivel Primario de Salud(2016-10-01) Morales Stacey, Evelin Tamara; Mullo Guaminga, Guido Edgar Dr. Esp.HIV / AIDS is the set of immunologic and virologic phenomena that develop from the time a person becomes infected until viremia and count in peripheral blood CD4 stabilize. The set of signs and symptoms that may occur during the primary infection (PI) is known as acute retroviral syndrome (SRA), cousin symptomatic infection or acute HIV infection / AIDS. The primary infection is followed by a long period usually clinically silent, known as asymptomatic phase. The most common symptoms are fever, maculopapular rash, mouth ulcers, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, pharyngitis, malaise, anorexia, weight loss, and myalgias lymphocytic meningitis. The greater or lesser severity of this process has implications with unfavorable prognosis, so that patients with more intense and longer clinical symptoms progression of HIV / AIDS tends to be faster. Male patient 32 years of age, black race, security guard occupation, marital status cohabiting, born in Quito and resident Puyo - Pastaza 10 years ago, go to the health center for a year and a half presenting unquantified fever, coughing color greenish diarrhea accompanied by several times about 8 days ago evolution. Physical examination: oral mucous oropharynx semihumid, congestive, purulent, so Tonsillopharyngitis prescribing doctor diagnosed as antibiotic therapy and sends perform additional tests, among them VDRL and HIV / AIDS (rapid test). Following this patient comes to health center at 3 days, where reported results of reactive VDRL and HIV / AIDS (rapid test) positive, for which physician indicates that send reference to Hospital General Puyo and must first end their treatment for diagnostic Tonsillopharyngitis. Patient comes to health center within 15 days, indicating that goes by reference to the hospital in question, where they indicate that the attending physician days ago no longer works in that health unit, because there was change of rural doctor established by the Ministry Public Health, so agendan turn with new doctor; patient reports in consultation persisting with diarrheal symptoms without apparent cause more weight loss and mentioned that he was going to make reference to the Hospital General Puyo for diagnosis of HIV / AIDS (rapid test), this health area is treated with antibiotic therapy more antiparasitic. Physical examination: Blood pressure: 106/60 mm / Hg, heart rate: 70 beats per minute, Respiration Rate: 20 breaths per minute, Weight 63 kg Height: 1.63 meters, BMI 23.7 kg / m2, skin: normal, oropharynx: no oral mucosal congestive semihumid, heart rhythm, no murmurs, lungs breath sounds preserved, not superadded noise, abdomen soft, depressible, painless to superficial or deep palpation, lymph nodes: BTE lymphadenopathy. Therefore reference is made by the clinic antecedent diagnosis of HIV / AIDS (rapid test) positive at the General Hospital Puyo; where it is consulted, adequate assessment of the background especially sex life finding risk factors is done to sexually transmitted infections, so rapid test is performed (chromatography) on two occasions for HIV / AIDS positive result. Following this request to the Confirmatory test (WESTERN BLOT), where positive research reports antibody against HIV / AIDS. Operation is initiated to determine treatment and when the treatment antirrretroviral patient.