Ciencias de la Salud

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Subject: search.filters.subject.TÉCNICAS MOLECULARES

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    MÉTODOS SEROLÓGICOS Y MOLECULARES PARA LA DETECCIÓN DE INFECCIONES POR EL VIRUS DE LA HEPATITIS B
    (2025-02-25) Reyes Negrete, Heidy Stefania; Ron Mora Álvaro Sebastián; MÉTODOS SEROLÓGICOS Y MOLECULARES PARA LA DETECCIÓN DE INFECCIONES POR EL VIRUS DE LA HEPATITIS B
    Introduction: the hepatitis B virus has the ability to severely infect the liver and cause both acute and chronic infections. It belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family, is composed of partially double-stranded DNA, and contains four open reading frames (ORFs): ORF S (surface), C (core), P (polymerase), and X (HBx). The diagnosis is primarily based on detecting the surface antigen (HBsAg) and human antibodies against these antigens through immunological methods. Similarly, molecular methods such as PCR, qPCR, and LAMP are currently used, offering higher sensitivity and specificity. Objective: to review the effectiveness of serological and molecular methods in detecting hepatitis B virus infections. Methods: a systematic review was performed using the PRISMA method. Clinical trials, systematic reviews, and books addressing serological and molecular methods for detecting hepatitis B virus infections were included. Results: out of a total of 187 studies, 23 relevant articles were included in the review, providing valuable information on the serological and molecular methods used for detecting hepatitis B virus infections. Conclusion: serological methods are highly useful for the early detection of the virus, especially in low- and middle-income countries due to their low cost. Likewise, molecular methods are valuable for quantifying viral DNA and providing proper treatment monitoring, demonstrating higher sensitivity and specificity.
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    TÉCNICAS MOLECULARES APLICADAS AL DIAGNÓSTICO DE HELICOBACTER PYLORI
    (2025-02-25) Martínez Tocagon, Katherin Mabel; Vilcacundo Córdova, Mario Fernando; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico
    Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium implicated in various gastrointestinal pathologies, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Accurate and timely diagnosis of this infection is essential for its clinical management, especially in regions with high prevalence. For this reason, molecular techniques have emerged as essential tools to detect the presence of H. pylori in a more sensitive and specific manner, overcoming the limitations of traditional methods, such as bacterial culture and serological tests. The objectives of the present study were to describe and identify the molecular techniques applied for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori, to analyze their efficacy, and to determine their impact on the management of patients with this pathology. This review article describes the main molecular techniques used, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and its variants, such as real-time PCR (qPCR), multiplex PCR, as well as other innovative techniques such as CRISPR-Cas13a-based PCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS), including their importance as well as their sensitivity and specificity from different studies.